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A GABA reuptake inhibitor (GRI) is a type of drug which acts as a reuptake inhibitor for the neurotransmitter gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) by blocking the action of the gamma-Aminobutyric acid transporters (GATs). This in turn leads to increased extracellular concentrations of GABA and therefore an increase in GABAergic neurotransmission. [1]
Some of these are used in psychopharmacotherapy as antidepressants to treat a range of mental health conditions, including various types of anxiety disorders, panic disorders, and depression. Typical antidepressants prescribed in psychiatry today include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and benzodiazepines.
[1] [2] The effects of GABA A receptor NAMs are functionally the opposite of those of GABA A receptor positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) like the benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and ethanol . [1] [2] Non-selective GABA A receptor NAMs can produce a variety of effects including convulsions, neurotoxicity, and anxiety, among others. [1] [2]
SSRIs are generally less likely to cause side effects than older antidepressants, but adverse effects still happen for some people. Common SSRI side effects include nausea, agitation, anxiety ...
SSRIs are used in all types of anxiety disorders while SNRIs are used for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Both of them are considered as first-line anti-anxiety medications. TCAs are second-line treatment as they cause more significant adverse effects when compared to the first-line treatment.
The main indication for SSRIs is major depressive disorder; however, they are frequently prescribed for anxiety disorders, such as social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), eating disorders, chronic pain, and, in some cases, for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Also, currently available antidepressants all elicit undesirable side-effects, and new agents should be divested of the distressing side-effects of both first and second-generation antidepressants. [6] Another serious drawback of all antidepressants is the requirement for long-term administration prior to maximal therapeutic efficacy.
Gamma-aminobutyric acid, a GABA-B receptor agonist. A GABA receptor agonist is a drug that is an agonist for one or more of the GABA receptors, producing typically sedative effects, and may also cause other effects such as anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, and muscle relaxant effects. [1] There are three receptors of the gamma-aminobutyric acid. The ...