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A cost index is the ratio of the actual price in a time period compared to that in a selected base period (a defined point in time or the average price in a certain year), multiplied by 100. Raw materials, products and energy prices, labor and construction costs change at different rates, and plant construction cost indexes are actually a ...
This is a list of prices of chemical elements. Listed here are mainly average market prices for bulk trade of commodities. Listed here are mainly average market prices for bulk trade of commodities. Data on elements' abundance in Earth's crust is added for comparison.
This is a documentation subpage for Template:Infobox settlement/metric/mag. It may contain usage information, categories and other content that is not part of the original template page. Usage
To do so right-click this link, and then choose the option to save: File:Aluminium - historical price per ton (nominal, real).svg. Launch any text editor . Open the downloaded SVG file with the text editor (usually; file menu, open).
This template is intended to allow entry of imperial weights (Avoirdupois), measured in tons, hundredweights, quarters and/or pounds (ton, cwt, qr and/or lb) and provide a conversion into pounds and into tonnes (metric tons) or kilograms (if the first parameter is blank or zero).
Between 1920 and 2000, labour requirements decreased by a factor of 1000, to 3 man-hours per thousand tonnes. [citation needed] In 2013, 70% of global steel output came from the basic oxygen furnace. [14] Furnaces can convert up to 350 tons of iron into steel in less than 40 minutes, compared to 10–12 hours in an open hearth furnace. [15]
Schematic of VAR apparatus. The alloy to undergo VAR is formed into a cylinder typically by vacuum induction melting (VIM) or ladle refining (airmelt). This cylinder, referred to as an electrode is then put into a large cylindrical enclosed crucible and brought to a metallurgical vacuum (0.001–0.1 mmHg or 0.1–13.3 Pa).
per square kilometre /km2 Used when the word 'inhabitants' would be inappropriate. /km2 /sqmi; inhabitants per hectare PD/ha PD/ha PD/acre; per hectare /ha /ha /acre; inhabitants per square mile PD/sqmi PD stands for population density, i.e. humans (inhabitants) PD/sqmi PD/km2; per square mile /sqmi Used when the word 'inhabitants' would be ...