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Lichen planus may be categorized as affecting mucosal or cutaneous surfaces.. Cutaneous forms are those affecting the skin, scalp, and nails. [10] [11] [12]Mucosal forms are those affecting the lining of the gastrointestinal tract (mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, anus), larynx, and other mucosal surfaces including the genitals, peritoneum, ears, nose, bladder and conjunctiva of the eyes.
The clinical examination of the skin is used to diagnose and distinguish between the various forms of pityriasis lichenoides. For pityriasis lichenoides, a skin biopsy followed by a histopathologic examination is a confirmatory procedure.
Lichen sclerosus; Other names: Balanitis xerotica obliterans, lichen sclerosus et atrophicus, [1] Lichen sclerosis et atrophicus, [2] lichen plan atrophique, lichen plan scléreux, Kartenblattförmige Sklerodermie, Weissflecken Dermatose, lichen albus, lichen planus sclerosus et atrophicus, dermatitis lichenoides chronica atrophicans, kraurosis vulvae [3]
Examples include lichen planus, lichen sclerosus and lichen nitidus. It can also be associated with abrasion or drug use. [2] It has been observed in conjunction with the use of proton pump inhibitors, and might be a sign and/or symptom of lupus such as subacute cutaneous lupus erythematous, according to the case reports and reviews. [3] [4] [5 ...
Desquamative gingivitis is a descriptive clinical term, not a diagnosis. [1] Dermatologic conditions cause about 75% of cases of desquamative gingivitis, and over 95% of the dermatologic cases are accounted for by either oral lichen planus or cicatricial pemphigoid. [1]
Lichen nitidus is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown cause [1] characterized by 1–2 mm, discrete and uniform, shiny, flat-topped, pale flesh-colored or reddish-brown papules [2] [3] that may appear as hypopigmented against dark skin.
Wickham striae or Wickham's striae are whitish lines visible in the papules of lichen planus and other dermatoses, typically in the oral mucosa. [1] The microscopic appearance shows hypergranulosis. They are named after Louis Frédéric Wickham. [2] [3]
Erythroderma is generalized exfoliative dermatitis, which involves 90% or more of the patient's skin. [3] The most common cause of erythroderma is exacerbation of an underlying skin disease, such as Harlequin-type ichthyosis, psoriasis, contact dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, lichen planus, pityriasis rubra pilaris or a drug reaction, such as the use of topical steroids. [4]