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The otic ganglion is a small parasympathetic ganglion located immediately below the foramen ovale in the infratemporal fossa and on the medial surface of the mandibular nerve. It is functionally associated with the glossopharyngeal nerve and innervates the parotid gland for salivation.
The lesser petrosal nerve (also known as the small superficial petrosal nerve) is the general visceral efferent (GVE) nerve conveying pre-ganglionic parasympathetic secretomotor fibers for the parotid gland from the tympanic plexus to the otic ganglion (where they synapse). It passes out of the tympanic cavity through the petrous part of the ...
The tympanic nerve is also the parasympathetic root of the otic ganglion. [1] [3] These neurons then provide secretomotor innervation of the parotid gland via the auriculotemporal nerve. [1] It is involved in the salivatory reflex to increase salivation during chewing. [4]
Post-ganglionic parasympathetic secretomotor nerve fibres from the otic ganglion join and "hitch-hike" along the auriculotemporal nerve, leaving the nerve as it passes across the anteromedial surface of the parotid gland to enter and innervate said gland. [2]: 359–360
ciliary ganglion (sphincter pupillae, ciliary muscle) pterygopalatine ganglion (lacrimal gland, glands of nasal cavity) submandibular ganglion (submandibular and sublingual glands) otic ganglion (parotid gland)
Upon exiting the skull, the lesser petrosal nerve synapses in the otic ganglion, which is suspended from the mandibular nerve immediately below the foramen ovale. Postganglionic fibers from the otic ganglion travel with the auriculotemporal branch of CN V3 to enter the substance of the parotid gland. Hypothalamic Influence
The pterygopalatine ganglion (aka Meckel's ganglion, nasal ganglion, or sphenopalatine ganglion) is a parasympathetic ganglion in the pterygopalatine fossa.It is one of four parasympathetic ganglia of the head and neck, (the others being the submandibular, otic, and ciliary ganglion).
The tympanic plexus of nerves rejoin and form the lesser petrosal nerve and exit through the foramen ovale to synapse at the otic ganglion. From the otic ganglion postganglionic parasympathetic fibers travel with the auriculotemporal nerve (mandibular branch of trigeminal, CN V 3) to the parotid salivary gland.