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Illustration of a Pleistocene wolf cranium that was found in Kents Cavern, Torquay, England [1]. It is widely agreed that the evolutionary lineage of the grey wolf can be traced back 2 million years to the Early Pleistocene species Canis etruscus, and its successor the Middle Pleistocene Canis mosbachensis.
Its genetic diversity was higher than that of its modern counterparts, implying that the wolf population of the Late Pleistocene was larger than the present population. Modern North American wolves are not their descendants, and this supports the existence of a separate origin for ancient and extant North American wolves. [5]
The earliest known remains of wolves in Britain are from Pontnewydd Cave in Wales, dating to around 225,000 years ago, during the late Middle Pleistocene (Marine Isotope Stage 7). Wolves continuously occupied Britain since this time, despite dramatic climatic fluctuations. [4] The Roman colonisation of Britain saw sporadic wolf-hunting. [5]
The wolf (Canis lupus; [b] pl.: wolves), also known as the grey wolf or gray wolf, is a canine native to Eurasia and North America.More than thirty subspecies of Canis lupus have been recognized, including the dog and dingo, though grey wolves, as popularly understood, only comprise naturally-occurring wild subspecies.
Reintroduction of wolves. Wolves were reintroduced to the park in 1995, after being driven extinct in the area nearly 100 years ago. It is estimated that approximately 500 wolves are present now ...
The Marine Mammals of the North-western Coast of North America: Together with an Account of the American Whale-fishery. Dover. ISBN 978-0-486-21976-9. Schmitt, Frederick; Cornelis de Jong; Frank H. Winter (1980). Thomas Welcome Roys: America's Pioneer of Modern Whaling. University Press of Virginia. ISBN 978-0-917376-33-7. Webb, Robert (1988).
Wisconsin rules allowed gray wolves to be shot or poisoned year-round and provided a bounty for dead wolves into the 1950s. By the 1960s wolves persisted in the Lower 48 only in northern Minnesota.
Norway's wolf population is located in the south-east, close to the Swedish border, and consists of around 100 wolves (roughly a third of which cross the border into Sweden). [ 40 ] According to an estimate made in the winter of 2022/2023, Norway was home to 9 wolf packs (6 of them being shared with Sweden) and 7 territorials pairs (3 of them ...