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Atelectasis is the partial collapse or closure of a lung resulting in reduced or absence in gas exchange. It is usually unilateral, affecting part or all of one lung. [ 2 ] It is a condition where the alveoli are deflated down to little or no volume, as distinct from pulmonary consolidation , in which they are filled with liquid.
Peribronchial cuffing, also referred to as peribronchial thickening or bronchial wall thickening, is a radiologic sign which occurs when excess fluid or mucus buildup in the small airway passages of the lung causes localized patches of atelectasis (lung collapse). [1] This causes the area around the bronchus to appear more prominent on an X-ray ...
A bronchopulmonary segment is a portion of lung supplied by a specific segmental bronchus and its vessels. [1] [2] These arteries branch from the pulmonary and bronchial arteries, and run together through the center of the segment. Veins and lymphatic vessels drain along the edges of the segment.
Further divisions of the segmental bronchi (1 to 6 mm in diameter) [7] are known as 4th order, 5th order, and 6th order segmental bronchi, or grouped together as subsegmental bronchi. [8] [9] Compared to the 23 number (on average) of branchings of the respiratory tree in the adult human, the mouse has only about 13 such branchings.
Typically, an area of white lung is seen on a standard X-ray. [5] Consolidated tissue is more radio-opaque than normally aerated lung parenchyma, so that it is clearly demonstrable in radiography and on CT scans. Consolidation is often a middle-to-late stage feature/complication in pulmonary infections.
This leads to the accumulation of cellular debris within the lungs. This leads to consolidation or solidification, terms used for macroscopic or radiologic appearance of the lungs affected by pneumonia. Bacterial pneumonia is mainly classified into lobar and diffuse depending on the degree of lung irritation or damage. [4]
Depending on the type of alveolar lung disease, the listener may hear "crackles" that indicate an excess of fluid in the lungs or an absence of lung sounds in certain regions which may indicate poor ventilation due to consolidation of pus or fibrosis. [6] A pulse oximeter is a device that measures the amount of oxygen available in the blood ...
Atelectasis occurs when distending pressure of the alveolus is overcome by surface tension of fluid within the alveolus. Repeated atelectasis and re-inflation leads to atelectotrauma . Atelectotrauma , atelectrauma , cyclic atelectasis or repeated alveolar collapse and expansion ( RACE ) are medical terms for the damage caused to the lung by ...