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Beneficence is a concept in research ethics that states that researchers should have the welfare of the research participant as a goal of any clinical trial or other research study. The antonym of this term, maleficence , describes a practice that opposes the welfare of any research participant.
Eugene Ellsworth Landy was an American psychologist and psychotherapist best known for his unconventional 24-hour therapy as well as ethical violations concerning his treatment of Beach Boys co-founder Brian Wilson in the 1980s. In 2015, Landy's relationship with Wilson was dramatized in the biographical film Love & Mercy.
Its Belmont Report established three tenets of ethical research: respect for persons, beneficence, and justice. [62] Project MKUltra—sometimes referred to as the "CIA's mind control program"—was the code name given to an illegal program of experiments on human subjects, designed and undertaken by the United States Central Intelligence ...
Examples of this would be the topic of equality in medicine, the intersection of cultural practices and medical care, ethical distribution of healthcare resources in pandemics, [citation needed] [19] and issues of bioterrorism. [20] Medical ethical concerns frequently touch on matters of life and death.
Examples of this could include the relationships being viewed between aid workers, style of dress, or the lack of education regarding local culture and customs. [90] Humanitarian practices in areas lacking optimum care can also pause other interesting and difficult ethical dilemmas in terms of beneficence and non-maleficence.
Virtue ethics is a form of ethical theory which emphasizes the character of an agent, rather than specific acts; many of its proponents have criticised Kant's deontological approach to ethics. Elizabeth Anscombe criticised modern ethical theories, including Kantian ethics, for their obsession with law and obligation. [86]
It can look descriptively at moral behaviour and judgements; it can give practical advice (normative ethics), or it can analyse and theorise about the nature of morality and ethics. [1] Contemporary study of ethics has many links with other disciplines in philosophy itself and other sciences. [2]
Nowadays, ethical codes of conduct exist in almost every profession. [8] An applied ethics approach to the examination of moral dilemmas can take many different forms but one of the most influential and most widely utilised approaches in bioethics and health care ethics is the four-principle approach developed by Tom Beauchamp and James ...