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The Treaty of Manila of 1946, formally the Treaty of General Relations and Protocol, [1] is a treaty of general relations signed on July 4, 1946, in Manila, the capital of the Philippines. It relinquished U.S. sovereignty over the Philippines and recognized the independence of the Republic of the Philippines.
Treaty of Manila may refer to: Treaty of Manila (1946) , treaty by which the United States recognized the independence of the Philippines Treaty of Manila (1954) , alternative name for the Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty
The full text of the protocol was not made public until November 5, but Article III read: "The United States will occupy and hold the City, Bay, and Harbor of Manila, pending the conclusion of a treaty of peace, which shall determine the control, disposition, and government of the Philippines."
A document that is often quoted on the matter is the Montevideo Convention (1933), Article 1 of which states: The state as a person of international law should possess the following qualifications: (a) a permanent population; (b) a defined territory; (c) government; and (d) capacity to enter into relations with the other states.
In its 60th anniversary year, in a ceremony held on November 11, 2011, on the deck of the US-guided missile destroyer USS Fitzgerald docked in Manila, the two governments reaffirmed the treaty with the Manila Declaration. The declaration was signed by Philippine Foreign Secretary Alberto Del Rosario and US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton.
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The Philippines currently celebrates its Independence Day on June 12, the anniversary of Emilio Aguinaldo's declaration of independence from Spain in 1898. The declaration was not recognised by the United States which, after defeating the Spanish in the Battle of Manila Bay in May that year, acquired the Philippine Islands via the Treaty of Paris that ended the Spanish–American War.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it meets two requirements: it was published in the United States before 17 September 1987 by the United Nations, and; it is not sourced to a document listed in the appendix of ST/AI/189/Add.9/Rev.1 (these documents were copyrighted under an exception to the general practice).