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2. Operating system - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system

   The operating system provides an interface between an application program and the computer hardware, so that an application program can interact with the hardware only by obeying rules and procedures programmed into the operating system. The operating system is also a set of services which simplify development and execution of application programs.

3. System software - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_software

   A kernel is the core part of the operating system that defines an application programming interface for applications programs (including some system software) and an interface to device drivers. Device drivers and firmware , including computer BIOS or UEFI , provide basic functionality to operate and control the hardware connected to or built ...

4. Scheduling (computing) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheduling_(computing)

   The scheduler is an operating system module that selects the next jobs to be admitted into the system and the next process to run. Operating systems may feature up to three distinct scheduler types: a long-term scheduler (also known as an admission scheduler or high-level scheduler), a mid-term or medium-term scheduler, and a short-term scheduler.

5. Kernel (operating system) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel_(operating_system)

   An example would be from supervisor mode to protected mode. This is where the operating system performs actions like accessing hardware devices or the memory management unit. Generally the operating system provides a library that sits between the operating system and normal user programs. Usually it is a C library such as Glibc or Windows API ...

6. Process management (computing) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_management_(computing)

   Operating systems are designed with one or the other of these two facilities, but not both. First, assume that a user process wishes to invoke a particular target system function. For the system call approach, the user process uses the trap instruction.

7. Comparison of user features of operating systems - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_user...

   The classic Mac OS [a] (System Software) is the series of operating systems developed for the Macintosh family of personal computers by Apple Inc. from 1984 to 2001, starting with System 1 and ending with Mac OS 9. The Macintosh operating system is credited with having popularized the graphical user interface concept. [32]

8. Distributed operating system - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_operating_system

   The distributed operating system maintains this perception through the exposure of a single access mechanism for a system entity, regardless of that entity being local or remote to the user. Transparency dictates that any differences in methods of accessing any particular system entity—either local or remote—must be both invisible to, and ...

9. Android (operating system) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_(operating_system)

   The operating system's success has made it a target for patent litigation as part of the so-called "smartphone wars" between technology companies. [390] [391] Android devices account for more than half of smartphone sales in most markets, including the US, while "only in Japan was Apple on top" (September–November 2013 numbers). [392]