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Bảo Đại was born on 22 October 1913 and given the name of Prince Nguyễn Phúc Vĩnh Thụy in the Palace of Doan-Trang-Vien, part of the compound of the Purple Forbidden City in Huế, the former capital of Vietnam. He was later given the name Nguyễn Vĩnh Thụy.
The dynastic rule began with Gia Long ascending the throne in 1802, after ending the previous Tây Sơn dynasty. The Nguyễn dynasty was gradually absorbed by France over the course of several decades in the latter half of the 19th century, beginning with the Cochinchina Campaign in 1858 which led to the occupation of the southern area of Vietnam.
Champa (Chăm Pa; 占婆) existed as an independent polity until its annexation by the Nguyễn dynasty in 1832 CE, thereby laying the foundation for the territories of the modern Vietnamese state. Most of the rulers of Champa were of Cham descent, an Austronesian ethnic group distinct from the majority Kinh ethnicity of Vietnam.
Under Emperor Gia Long, the family's rule was not only restored, but extended to the whole of Vietnam in 1802, thus marking the start of the unified Nguyễn dynasty. The Nguyễn dynasty agreed to French supervision in 1883. In 1887, Vietnam became part of the Indochinese Union, which was administered by a French governor general.
Following is the family tree of Vietnamese monarchs from the autonomous period of the Khúc clan (905–923) to the reign of Bảo Đại (1926–1945), the last emperor of the Nguyễn dynasty. Emperors, kings and lords of each monarch are denoted by different colours with the period of their reigns.
Phạm Cao Phong noted that the Nguyễn dynasty (and earlier Nguyễn lords) were known for being especially cruel during their reigns, such as Nguyễn Văn Thành, a Tây Sơn Rebellion war hero that was responsible for severe victories for the Nguyễn dynasty being executed for two lines in a poem by his son in 1815, Gia Long had the son ...
1760 Map of Dai Viet kingdom: Đàng Ngoài (Tonkin) & Đàng Trong (Cochinchina). From the 16th to 18th century, the Vietnamese realm of Dai Viet after had been loomed by a series of civil wars and social unrest, was effectively partitioned into two semi-autonomous entities, Đàng Ngoài and Đàng Trong, ruled by the rivalry Trinh and Nguyen Phuc families on behalf of the Le Duy dynasty.
Nguyễn Văn Bảo (阮文寶, 1776–1798) or Nguyễn Bảo (阮寶), was a prince of Tây Sơn dynasty, Vietnam. Bảo was the eldest son of Nguyễn Nhạc. His mother was Trần Thị Huệ. After Nguyễn Nhạc ascended the throne, he was designated as Crown Prince. In 1793, Quy Nhơn was attacked by Nguyễn lord.