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Commonly prescribed medications for HIV, such as sulfonamides, anticonvulsants, antibacterials, antifungals, antimycobacterials, and, most notably, antiretrovirals, have an increased incidence of adverse cutaneous drug reactions in HIV-positive individuals, and even greater escalation of incidence in people with advanced disease progression in the form of AIDS. [4]
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is a condition seen in some cases of HIV/AIDS or immunosuppression, in which the immune system begins to recover, but then responds to a previously acquired opportunistic infection with an overwhelming inflammatory response that paradoxically makes the symptoms of infection worse.
Figure 1. Early Symptoms of HIV. The stages of HIV infection are acute infection (also known as primary infection), latency, and AIDS.Acute infection lasts for several weeks and may include symptoms such as fever, swollen lymph nodes, inflammation of the throat, rash, muscle pain, malaise, and mouth and esophageal sores.
However, if HIV infection is already present then PEP should not be started. HIV testing should be repeated four to six weeks and three months after exposure. [17] People may experience signs and symptoms of acute HIV infection, including fever, fatigue, myalgia, and skin rash, while taking PEP. CDC recommends seeking medical attention for ...
Symptoms of hypersensitivity include rash, vomiting, and shortness of breath. [8] Abacavir is in the NRTI class of medications, which work by blocking reverse transcriptase, an enzyme needed for HIV virus replication. [9] Within the NRTI class, abacavir is a carbocyclic nucleoside. [5]
Atazanavir, sold under the brand name Reyataz among others, is an antiretroviral medication used to treat HIV/AIDS. [2] It is generally recommended for use with other antiretrovirals. [ 2 ] It may be used for prevention after a needlestick injury or other potential exposure (postexposure prophylaxis (PEP)). [ 2 ]
The most common cause is certain medications such as lamotrigine, carbamazepine, allopurinol, sulfonamide antibiotics, and nevirapine. [2] Other causes can include infections such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae and cytomegalovirus or the cause may remain unknown. [3] [4] Risk factors include HIV/AIDS and systemic lupus erythematosus. [2]
Efavirenz (EFV), sold under the brand names Sustiva among others, is an antiretroviral medication used to treat and prevent HIV/AIDS. [1] It is generally recommended for use with other antiretrovirals. [1]