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Sustainability can mean different things to different people. Some may view sustainable fishing to be catching very little in order for fish populations to return to their historical levels (represented by the upper left green area), while others consider sustainability to be the maximum amount of fish we can catch without depleting stocks any further (red dot).
For example, "85 percent of the world’s fisheries are fished at or beyond their maximum sustainable limit." [ 2 ] Considering the rising global population and the pressure that it has, and will continue to exert on the Earth's resources, a more sustainable method of fishing is necessary if humans wish to utilize its natural abundance.
According to the FAO, "...a fishery is an activity leading to harvesting of fish.It may involve capture of wild fish or raising of fish through aquaculture." It is typically defined in terms of the "people involved, species or type of fish, area of water or seabed, method of fishing, class of boats, purpose of the activities or a combination of the foregoing features".
The concept of maximum sustainable yield (MSY) has been used in fisheries science and fisheries management for more than a century. Originally developed and popularized by Fedor Baranov early in the 1900s as the "theory of fishing," it is often credited with laying the foundation for the modern understanding of the population dynamics of fisheries. [1]
In fisheries terms, maximum sustainable yield (MSY) is the largest average catch that can be captured from a stock under existing environmental conditions. [21] MSY aims at a balance between too much and too little harvest to keep the population at some intermediate abundance with a maximum replacement rate.
Fisheries management – Fisheries management draws on fisheries science in order to find ways to protect fishery resources so sustainable exploitation is possible. sustainability; conservation – Marine conservation, also known as marine resources conservation, is the protection and preservation of ecosystems in oceans and seas.
Fed aquaculture (for example, fish, shrimp) is combined with inorganic extractive and organic extractive (for example, shellfish) aquaculture to create balanced systems for environmental sustainability (biomitigation), economic stability (product diversification and risk reduction) and social acceptability (better management practices). [81]
Managing fisheries is about managing people and businesses, and not about managing fish. Fisheries are managed by regulating the actions of people. [22] If fisheries management is to be successful, then associated human factors, such as the reactions of anglers and harvesters, are of key importance, and need to be understood. [23] [24]