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The Columbia River Gorge is a canyon of the Columbia River in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. Up to 4,000 feet (1,200 m) deep, the canyon stretches for over eighty miles (130 km) as the river winds westward through the Cascade Range, forming the boundary between the state of Washington to the north and Oregon to the south. [1]
The Cascades Rapids of the Columbia River Gorge, and Kettle Falls and Priest Rapids in eastern Washington, were also major fishing and trading sites. [69] [70] In prehistoric times the Columbia's salmon and steelhead runs numbered an estimated annual average of 10 to 16 million fish.
Columbia River History. Northwest Power and Conservation Council "Appendix C. Pertinent Data on Selected Projects" (PDF). Columbia River Water Management Report, Water Year 2001. US Army Corps of Engineers. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 10, 2009
As the water emerged from the Columbia River gorge, it backed up again at the 1 mile (1.6 km) wide narrows near Kalama, Washington. Some temporary lakes rose to an elevation of more than 400 ft (120 m), flooding the Willamette Valley to Eugene, Oregon and beyond. Iceberg-rafted glacial erratics and erosion features are evidence of these events.
SR 14 at its interchange with I-205, built in the 1970s. The first highway that traveled through the Columbia River Gorge was surveyed in 1905 at a cost of $15,000 (equivalent to $524,944 in 2025 [27]) by the state of Washington as a wagon road connecting Washougal in Clark County to Lyle in Klickitat County that was designated as secondary State Road 8. [28]
White Salmon, Washington; Hood River, Oregon; Carson River Valley, Washington; Stevenson, ... Tributaries of the Columbia River; Hydroelectric dams on the Columbia River
Opened in 1966, it is more than 4 miles long and built to withstand vicious currents and waves and winds of up to 150 mph howling through the Columbia River Gorge. But it was not built for this.
Early map of the Columbia River Highway, from Good Roads magazine, 1916 National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark, found near Multnomah Falls on the Columbia River Scenic Highway. The Columbia River Gorge is the lowest crossing of the Cascade Mountains, carved by the Columbia River during the Cascades' uplift. [5]