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The two most commonly used systems are the Stonyhurst and Carrington systems. They both define latitude as the angular distance from the solar equator, but differ in how they define longitude. In Stonyhurst coordinates, the longitude is fixed for an observer on Earth, and, in Carrington coordinates, the longitude is fixed for the Sun's rotation.
The Carrington rotation is a system for comparing locations on the Sun over a period of time, allowing the following of sunspot groups or reappearance of eruptions at a later time. Because solar rotation is variable with latitude, depth and time, any such system is necessarily arbitrary and only makes comparison meaningful over moderate periods ...
The Carrington Event was the most intense geomagnetic storm in recorded history, peaking on 1–2 September 1859 during solar cycle 10. It created strong auroral displays that were reported globally and caused sparking and even fires in telegraph stations. [ 1 ]
Rotation period with respect to distant stars, the sidereal rotation period (compared to Earth's mean Solar days) Synodic rotation period (mean Solar day) Apparent rotational period viewed from Earth Sun [i] 25.379995 days (Carrington rotation) 35 days (high latitude) 25 d 9 h 7 m 11.6 s 35 d ~28 days (equatorial) [2] Mercury: 58.6462 days [3 ...
The most significant known solar storm, across the most parameters, occurred in September 1859 and is known as the "Carrington event". [10] The damage from the most potent solar storms is capable of existentially threatening the stability of modern human civilization, [ 11 ] [ 8 ] although proper preparedness and mitigation can substantially ...
Carrington also determined the elements of the rotation axis of the Sun, based on sunspot motions, and his results remain in use today. Carrington rotation is a system for measuring solar longitude based on his observations of the low-latitude solar rotation rate. Carrington made the initial observations leading to the establishment of Spörer ...
A vast and eccentric collection of everything from vintage Rolls-Royces to an entire house relocated from Syria, the Sheikh Faisal Bin Qassim Al Thani Museum is worth a trip into the deserts of Qatar.
On 1 September 1859, Richard C. Carrington and separately R. Hodgson first observed a solar flare. [52] Carrington and Gustav Spörer discovered that the Sun exhibits differential rotation, and that the outer layer must be fluid. [52] In 1907–08, George Ellery Hale uncovered the Sun's magnetic cycle and the magnetic nature of sunspots. Hale ...