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Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone and androgen in males. [3] In humans, testosterone plays a key role in the development of male reproductive tissues such as testicles and prostate, as well as promoting secondary sexual characteristics such as increased muscle and bone mass, and the growth of body hair.
Leydig cells release a class of hormones called androgens (19-carbon steroids). [8] They secrete testosterone, androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), when stimulated by the luteinizing hormone (LH), which is released from the anterior pituitary in response to gonadotropin releasing hormone which in turn is released by the hypothalamus.
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a steroid hormone produced in the adrenal cortex from cholesterol. [5] It is the primary precursor of both the androgen and estrogen sex hormones. DHEA is also called dehydroisoandrosterone or dehydroandrosterone. Androstenedione (A4) is an androgenic steroid produced by the testes, adrenal cortex, and ovaries.
Injuries to the testicles and cancer treatments like chemotherapy and radiation can cause low testosterone levels. So can some medications (including hormones used to treat prostate cancer), aging ...
Excess fat deposits also increase estradiol (an estrogen hormone), leptin, and adipokines (molecules produced by fat cells), which affect the pituitary gland that tells the testicles how much ...
A gonad, sex gland, or reproductive gland [1] is a mixed gland and sex organ that produces the gametes and sex hormones of an organism. Female reproductive cells are egg cells, and male reproductive cells are sperm. [2] The male gonad, the testicle, produces sperm in the form of spermatozoa. The female gonad, the ovary, produces egg cells.
4.4.1 Molecules produced by Sertoli cells associated with ... follicle-stimulating hormone ... to an increased secretion of testosterone in ovaries and testicles.
“Before menopause, the main hormone is estrogen, and after menopause, androgens like testosterone become more prevalent,” Stanhiser says. In that case, can testosterone treat menopause symptoms?