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e. Marine biogenic calcification is the production of calcium carbonate by organisms in the global ocean. Marine biogenic calcification is the biologically mediated process by which marine organisms produce and deposit calcium carbonate minerals to form skeletal structures or hard tissues. This process is a fundamental aspect of the life cycle ...
The biological pump (or ocean carbon biological pump or marine biological carbon pump) is the ocean's biologically driven sequestration of carbon from the atmosphere and land runoff to the ocean interior and seafloor sediments. [ 1 ] In other words, it is a biologically mediated process which results in the sequestering of carbon in the deep ...
Ocean acidification is the ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth's ocean. Between 1950 and 2020, the average pH of the ocean surface fell from approximately 8.15 to 8.05. [ 2 ] Carbon dioxide emissions from human activities are the primary cause of ocean acidification, with atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2) levels exceeding 422 ppm (as of ...
Bicarbonate (HCO−. 3) is a vital component of the pH buffering system [3] of the human body (maintaining acid–base homeostasis). 70%–75% of CO 2 in the body is converted into carbonic acid (H 2 CO 3), which is the conjugate acid of HCO−. 3 and can quickly turn into it. [citation needed]
The carbon cycle is that part of the biogeochemical cycle by which carbon is exchanged among the biosphere, pedosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere of Earth. Other major biogeochemical cycles include the nitrogen cycle and the water cycle. Carbon is the main component of biological compounds as well as a major component of many rocks ...
Carbonic acid is a chemical compound with the chemical formula H 2 C O 3. The molecule rapidly converts to water and carbon dioxide in the presence of water. However, in the absence of water, it is quite stable at room temperature. [ 5 ][ 6 ] The interconversion of carbon dioxide and carbonic acid is related to the breathing cycle of animals ...
structure summary. The carbonic anhydrases (or carbonate dehydratases) (EC 4.2.1.1) form a family of enzymes that catalyze the interconversion between carbon dioxide and water and the dissociated ions of carbonic acid (i.e. bicarbonate and hydrogen ions). [ 1 ] The active site of most carbonic anhydrases contains a zinc ion.
Pedosphere. The pedosphere (from Ancient Greek πέδον (pédon) 'ground, earth' and σφαῖρα (sphaîra) 'sphere') is the outermost layer of the Earth that is composed of soil and subject to soil formation processes. It exists at the interface of the lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere. [1] The pedosphere is the skin of ...
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