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Euclidean distance. In mathematics, the Euclidean distance between two points in Euclidean space is the length of the line segment between them. It can be calculated from the Cartesian coordinates of the points using the Pythagorean theorem, and therefore is occasionally called the Pythagorean distance. These names come from the ancient Greek ...
Distance from a point to a line. The distance (or perpendicular distance) from a point to a line is the shortest distance from a fixed point to any point on a fixed infinite line in Euclidean geometry. It is the length of the line segment which joins the point to the line and is perpendicular to the line. The formula for calculating it can be ...
The great-circle distance, orthodromic distance, or spherical distance is the distance between two points on a sphere, measured along the great-circle arc between them. This arc is the shortest path between the two points on the surface of the sphere. (By comparison, the shortest path passing through the sphere's interior is the chord between ...
Vincenty's formulae. Vincenty's formulae are two related iterative methods used in geodesy to calculate the distance between two points on the surface of a spheroid, developed by Thaddeus Vincenty (1975a). They are based on the assumption that the figure of the Earth is an oblate spheroid, and hence are more accurate than methods that assume a ...
U. S. Census Bureau Geographic Information Systems FAQ, (content has been moved to What is the best way to calculate the distance between 2 points?) R. W. Sinnott, "Virtues of the Haversine", Sky and Telescope 68 (2), 159 (1984). "Deriving the haversine formula". Ask Dr. Math. April 20–21, 1999. Archived from the original on 20 January 2020.
the distance between the two lines is the distance between the two intersection points of these lines with the perpendicular line. This distance can be found by first solving the linear systems. and. to get the coordinates of the intersection points. The solutions to the linear systems are the points.
Distance from a point to a plane. In Euclidean space, the distance from a point to a plane is the distance between a given point and its orthogonal projection on the plane, the perpendicular distance to the nearest point on the plane. It can be found starting with a change of variables that moves the origin to coincide with the given point then ...
Hausdorff distance. In mathematics, the Hausdorff distance, or Hausdorff metric, also called Pompeiu–Hausdorff distance, [1][2] measures how far two subsets of a metric space are from each other. It turns the set of non-empty compact subsets of a metric space into a metric space in its own right. It is named after Felix Hausdorff and Dimitrie ...