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The concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are expressed as parts per million by volume (abbreviated as ppmv, or ppm(v), or just ppm). To convert from the usual ppmv units to ppm mass (abbreviated as ppmm, or ppm(m)), multiply by the ratio of the molar mass of CO 2 to that of air, i.e. times 1.52 (44.01 divided by 28.96).
Regulations and standards from around the world show that CO 2 levels below 1000 ppm represent good IAQ, between 1000 and 1500 ppm represent moderate IAQ and greater than 1500 ppm represent poor IAQ. [82] Carbon dioxide concentrations in closed or confined rooms can increase to 1,000 ppm within 45 minutes of enclosure. For example, in a 3.5-by ...
An air quality index (AQI) is an indicator developed by government agencies [ 1 ] to communicate to the public how polluted the air currently is or how polluted it is forecast to become. [ 2 ][ 3 ] As air pollution levels rise, so does the AQI, along with the associated public health risk. Children, the elderly and individuals with respiratory ...
pCO2, pCO2, or is the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (CO 2), often used in reference to blood but also used in meteorology, climate science, oceanography, and limnology to describe the fractional pressure of CO 2 as a function of its concentration in gas or dissolved phases. The units of p CO 2 are mmHg, atm, torr, Pa, or any other standard ...
Another study observed a decline in basic activity level and information usage at 1000 ppm, when compared to 500 ppm. [ 53 ] However a review of the literature found that a reliable subset of studies on the phenomenon of carbon dioxide induced cognitive impairment to only show a small effect on high-level decision making (for concentrations ...
The City of London has dangerous levels of PM 10 concentrations, estimated to cause 3000 deaths per year within the city. [323] As well as the threat of EU fines, in 2010 it was threatened with legal action for scrapping the western congestion charge zone, which is claimed to have led to an increase in air pollution levels.
Keeling Curve. Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2) concentrations from 1958 to 2023. The Keeling Curve is a graph of the accumulation of carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere based on continuous measurements taken at the Mauna Loa Observatory on the island of Hawaii from 1958 to the present day. The curve is named for the scientist Charles ...
Pulmonology, critical care medicine. Hypercapnia (from the Greek hyper = "above" or "too much" and kapnos = "smoke"), also known as hypercarbia and CO2 retention, is a condition of abnormally elevated carbon dioxide (CO 2) levels in the blood. Carbon dioxide is a gaseous product of the body's metabolism and is normally expelled through the lungs.