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The making of a DNA vaccine. A DNA vaccine is a type of vaccine that transfects a specific antigen -coding DNA sequence into the cells of an organism as a mechanism to induce an immune response. [ 1 ][ 2 ] DNA vaccines work by injecting genetically engineered plasmid containing the DNA sequence encoding the antigen (s) against which an immune ...
A viral vector vaccine is a vaccine that uses a viral vector to deliver genetic material (DNA) that can be transcribed by the recipient's host cells as mRNA coding for a desired protein, or antigen, to elicit an immune response. [ 1 ] As of April 2021 [update], six viral vector vaccines, four COVID-19 vaccines and two Ebola vaccines, have been ...
Subunit vaccine. A subunit vaccine is a vaccine that contains purified parts of the pathogen that are antigenic, or necessary to elicit a protective immune response. [ 1 ][ 2 ] Subunit vaccine can be made from dissembled viral particles in cell culture or recombinant DNA expression, [ 3 ] in which case it is a recombinant subunit vaccine.
Viral vectors are modified viruses designed to deliver genetic material into cells. This process can be performed inside an organism or in cell culture. Viral vectors have widespread applications in basic research, agriculture, and medicine.
development of active immunityin individuals; contribution to herd immunity. [edit on Wikidata] An inactivated vaccine(or killed vaccine) is a vaccineconsisting of virusparticles, bacteria, or other pathogensthat have been grown in cultureand then killed to destroy disease-producing capacity. In contrast, live vaccinesuse pathogens that are ...
Recombinant live vaccine. Live recombinant vaccines are biological preparations that stimulate immune responses to a pathogen through the use of genetically modified live bacteria or viruses. These live pathogens are biologically engineered to express exogenous antigens in the cytoplasm of target cells, thereby triggering immune responses. [1]
Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), C. 6H. 6Cl. 6, is any of several polyhalogenated organic compounds consisting of a six-carbon ring with one chlorine and one hydrogen attached to each carbon. This structure has nine stereoisomers (eight diastereomers, one of which has two enantiomers), which differ by the stereochemistry of the individual chlorine ...
e. A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular infectious or malignant disease. [1][2] The safety and effectiveness of vaccines has been widely studied and verified. [3][4] A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or ...