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Chloride shift. Chloride shift (also known as the Hamburger phenomenon or lineas phenomenon, named after Hartog Jakob Hamburger) is a process which occurs in a cardiovascular system and refers to the exchange of bicarbonate (HCO 3−) and chloride (Cl −) across the membrane of red blood cells (RBCs). [1]
Weak. v. t. e. Acid–base homeostasis is the homeostatic regulation of the pH of the body's extracellular fluid (ECF). [ 1 ] The proper balance between the acids and bases (i.e. the pH) in the ECF is crucial for the normal physiology of the body—and for cellular metabolism. [ 1 ] The pH of the intracellular fluid and the extracellular fluid ...
Osmoregulation is the active regulation of the osmotic pressure of an organism's body fluids, detected by osmoreceptors, to maintain the homeostasis of the organism's water content; that is, it maintains the fluid balance and the concentration of electrolytes (salts in solution which in this case is represented by body fluid) to keep the body fluids from becoming too diluted or concentrated.
Ringer's solution. Ringer's solution. Ringer's solution is a solution of several salts dissolved in water for the purpose of creating an isotonic solution relative to the body fluids of an animal. Ringer's solution typically contains sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride and sodium bicarbonate, with the last used to balance the pH.
Trospium chloride is a muscarinic antagonist used to treat overactive bladder. [ 3 ] It has side effects typical of this class of drugs, namely dry mouth, stomach upset, and constipation; these side effects cause problems with people taking their medicine as directed. However it doesn't cause central nervous system side effects like some other ...
Specialty. Endocrinology, nephrology. Hyperchloremic acidosis is a form of metabolic acidosis associated with a normal anion gap, a decrease in plasma bicarbonate concentration, and an increase in plasma chloride concentration [1] (see anion gap for a fuller explanation). Although plasma anion gap is normal, this condition is often associated ...
Download Desktop Gold. AOL Desktop Gold is included at no additional cost with your membership. 2. Under 'All Products' scroll to 'AOL Desktop Gold'. If you have an AOL Desktop Gold trial or subscription. Using the link in the Official AOL signup confirmation email you received. 1.
In a fire, PVC can form hydrogen chloride fumes; the chlorine serves to scavenge free radicals, making PVC-coated wires fire retardant. While hydrogen chloride fumes can also pose a health hazard in their own right, it dissolves in moisture and breaks down onto surfaces, particularly in areas where the air is cool enough to breathe, so would ...