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The patient is asked to fixate on a target while the examiner places a 4 prism dioptre base-out prism over the patient's eye, observing the response of the fellow eye. [ 1 ] The target is a single isolated distance target of approximately 1-2 lines better than best corrected acuity at distance.
Infantile esotropia is a type of esotropia (inward eye turn) that occurs in early childhood. Learn about its presentation, causes, diagnosis, treatment and controversies from this comprehensive article.
The Maddox rod test is a subjective method to measure horizontal and vertical deviations of the eyes, using a red line and a white light. The double Maddox rod test can also assess torsion and cyclotropias, by comparing the angles of two red lines.
The Hirschberg test, also known as the Hirschberg corneal reflex test, is a method to assess ocular misalignment by observing the light reflex on the cornea. It can detect exotropia, esotropia, hypertropia or hypotropia and is used in optometry and ophthalmology.
In a left esotropia, the left eye 'squints', and in a right esotropia the right eye 'squints'. In an alternating esotropia, the patient is able to alternate fixation between their right and left eye so that at one moment the right eye fixates and the left eye turns inward, and at the next the left eye fixates and the right turns inward. This ...
The prism cover test (PCT) is an objective measurement and the gold standard in measuring strabismus, i.e. ocular misalignment, or a deviation of the eye. [1] It is used by ophthalmologists and orthoptists in order to measure the vertical and horizontal deviation and includes both manifest and latent components. [1]
Exotropia is a form of strabismus where the eyes are deviated outward, causing crossed diplopia and loss of binocular vision. Learn about the signs, symptoms, causes, and treatment options for exotropia, such as glasses, patching, exercises, surgery, and vision therapy.
It can be used to establish whether a patient has the ability for the eyes to fuse the light that is received from each eye into 4 lights. The test is indicated with the use of a presence of a prism in individuals with a strabismus and fusion is considered present if 4 lights are maintained, with or without the use of a prism. The W4LT can also ...