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The Constitution was created after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire in the aftermath of the First World War. [3] Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, who then became Turkey's first President was a key driver in preparing this Constitution. [3] Mustafa Kemal announced the election of a new assembly to meet in Turkey's capital, Ankara. [3]
The Turkish parliament formed a committee to compare the civil codes of European countries. Austrian, German, French, and Swiss civil codes were examined. [1] Finally on 25 December 1925 the commission decided on the Swiss civil code as a model for the Turkish civil code. [2] The Turkish Civil Code was enacted on 17 February 1926.
Articles 2–7 consider the passage of merchant ships. Articles 8–22 consider the passage of war vessels. The key principle — freedom of passage and navigation — is laid out in articles 1 and 2. Article 1 provides, "The High Contracting Parties recognise and affirm the principle of freedom of passage and navigation by sea in the Straits".
Borrowing from the French Revolutionary ideals of the nation and the Republic, [citation needed] Article 3 affirms that "The Turkish State, with its territory and nation, is an indivisible entity. Its language is Turkish". Article 66 defines a Turkish civic identity: "everyone bound to the Turkish state through the bond of citizenship is a Turk".
Historical Court of Justice building in Samsun.. The general term for members of the legal profession in Turkey is hukukçu.In Turkey, any man or woman, after having graduated from a law faculty at a university, can become attorney-at-law or barrister (avukat), judge (hâkim or yargıç), prosecutor (savcı) or notary (noter) after terms of internship specified in separate laws.
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The territories to the south of Syria and Iraq on the Arabian Peninsula, which still remained under Turkish control when the Armistice of Mudros was signed on 30 October 1918, were not explicitly identified in the text of the treaty. However, the definition of Turkey's southern border in Article 3 also meant that Turkey officially ceded them.
The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923), the predecessor of modern Turkey was one of the 17 signatories of the Metre Convention in 1875. For 58 years both the international and the traditional units were in use, but after the proclamation of the Turkish Republic, the traditional units became obsolete.