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Shadoof or shaduf comes from the Arabic word شادوف, šādūf. It is also called a lift, [5] well pole, well sweep, or simply a sweep in the US. [12] A less common English translation is swape. [13] Picotah (or picota) is a Portuguese loan word. It is also called a jiégāo (桔槹) in Chinese.
The first known crane machine was the shaduf, a water-lifting device that was invented in ancient Mesopotamia (modern Iraq) and then appeared in ancient Egyptian technology. Construction cranes later appeared in ancient Greece, where they were powered by men or animals (such as donkeys), and used for the construction of buildings.
The introduction of this machine had a decisive influence on agriculture as this wheel lifted water 3 to 8 metres with much less labour force and time than the Shaduf, which was the previous irrigation device in the Kingdom. The Shaduf relied on human energy while the saqiya was driven by buffalos or other animals. [20]
The screw pump is the oldest positive displacement pump. [1] The first records of a water screw, or screw pump, date back to Hellenistic Egypt before the 3rd century BC. [1] [3] The Egyptian screw, used to lift water from the Nile, was composed of tubes wound round a cylinder; as the entire unit rotates, water is lifted within the spiral tube to the higher elevation.
The lever was used in the shadoof water-lifting device, the first crane machine, which appeared in Mesopotamia circa 3000 BC, [9] and then in ancient Egyptian technology circa 2000 BC. [10] The earliest evidence of pulleys date back to Mesopotamia in the early 2nd millennium BC. [11]
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This page was last edited on 22 February 2004, at 14:31 (UTC).; Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License; additional terms may apply.
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