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Most African Americans are descendants of enslaved people within the boundaries of the present United States. [8] [9] While some Black immigrants or their children may also come to identify as African American, the majority of first-generation immigrants do not, preferring to identify with their nation of origin.
Smith said they wanted the name to mean something to African-American women and that "it was a way of talking about ourselves being on a continuum of Black struggle, of Black women's struggle". [82] The Combahee River Collective opposed the practice of lesbian separatism , considering that, in practice, separatists focused exclusively on sexist ...
The United States has a racially and ethnically diverse population. [1] At the federal level, race and ethnicity have been categorized separately. The most recent United States census recognized five racial categories (White, Black, Native American/Alaska Native, Asian, and Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander), as well as people who belong to two or more of the racial categories.
The 15-member body now has the most African Americans (eight), the most women (six) and the most openly LGBTQ members (two) in its history. Despite these new majorities, the council did not cross ...
Some Native American women bought African slaves but, unknown to European sellers, the women freed the African men and married them into their respective tribes. [90] If an African-American man had children by a Native American woman, their children were free because of the status of the mother. [90]
The 2003 Maputo Protocol on women's rights in Africa set the continental standard for progressive expansion of women's rights. It guarantees comprehensive rights to women, including the right to participate in the political process, social and political equality with men, autonomy in their reproductive health decisions, and an end to female genital mutilation (FGM).
Black maternal mortality in the United States refers to the disproportionately high rate of maternal death among those who identify as Black or African American women. [1] Maternal death is often linked to both direct obstetric complications (such as hemorrhage or eclampsia) and indirect obstetric deaths that exacerbate pre-existing health ...
Lighter skinned (African descendant Americans) are usually "more mixed" than the average African American, with the white ancestors sometimes being several generations back, which gives them a multiracial phenotype. [134] [135] [136] Some of these lighter African Americans have abandoned the black identity and started to identify as multiracial ...