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The personal pronouns and possessives in Modern Standard Hindi of the Hindustani language displays a higher degree of inflection than other parts of speech. Personal pronouns have distinct forms according to whether they stand for a subject (), a direct object (), an indirect object (), or a reflexive object.
Indirect — the subject imparts the action onto the object, the object is the experiencer of the action, it is usually translated into English as "to make (someone/something) verb" Reflexive — the verb does action on the subject itself, the doer and experiencer of the action is the same subject; Causative — the subject causes the action to ...
Hindustani is extremely rich in complex verbs formed by the combinations of noun/adjective and a verb. Complex verbs are of two types: transitive and intransitive. [3]The transitive verbs are obtained by combining nouns/adjectives with verbs such as karnā 'to do', lenā 'to take', denā 'to give', jītnā 'to win' etc.
An example of split ergativity conditioned by the grammatical aspect is found in Hindustani (Hindi-Urdu); in the perfective aspect of transitive verbs (in active voice), the subject takes ergative case and the direct object takes an unmarked absolutive case identical to the nominative case, which is sometimes called direct case.
from Hindi and Urdu: An acknowledged leader in a field, from the Mughal rulers of India like Akbar and Shah Jahan, the builder of the Taj Mahal. Maharaja from Hindi and Sanskrit: A great king. Mantra from Hindi and Sanskrit: a word or phrase used in meditation. Masala from Urdu, to refer to flavoured spices of Indian origin.
-ji (IAST: -jī, Hindustani pronunciation:) is a gender-neutral honorific used as a suffix in many languages of the Indian subcontinent, [1] [2] such as Hindi, Nepali and Punjabi languages and their dialects prevalent in northern India, north-west and central India.
Vaijayanti-mala - Literally meaning, "the garland of victory". The Vaijayanti or Vyjayanti is a mythical flower, offered to Krishna and Vishnu in worship as a garland. [23] [24] [25] Mukuta. Jata-mukuta (headdress formed of piled, matted hair) - Worn by gods such as Shiva, Brahma, Chamunda, Maheshvari etc.
The standardised registers Hindi and Urdu are collectively known as Hindi–Urdu. [11] Hindustani is the lingua franca of the north and west of the Indian subcontinent, though it is understood fairly well in other regions also, especially in the urban areas. [12] This has led it to be characterised as a continuum that ranges between Hindi and ...