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The formation of goose bumps in humans under stress is considered by some to be a vestigial reflex, [4] though visible piloerection is associated with changes in skin temperature in humans. [5] The reflex of producing goose bumps is known as piloerection or the pilomotor reflex , or, more traditionally, [ 6 ] horripilation .
Vasomotor responses allow control of the flow of blood between the periphery and the core to control heat loss from the surface of the body. Lastly, the organism can show insulation adjustments; a common example being "goosebumps" in humans where hair follicles are raised by pilomotor muscles, also shown in animals' pelage and plumage. [4]
Piloerection (goose bumps), the physical part of frisson. Frisson (UK: / ˈ f r iː s ɒ n / FREE-son, US: / f r iː ˈ s oʊ n / free-SOHN [1] [2] French:; French for "shiver"), also known as aesthetic chills or psychogenic shivers, is a psychophysiological response to rewarding stimuli (including music, films, stories, people, photos, and rituals [3]) that often induces a pleasurable or ...
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Thermoregulation is the ability of an organism to keep its body temperature within certain boundaries, even when the surrounding temperature is very different. A thermoconforming organism, by contrast, simply adopts the surrounding temperature as its own body temperature, thus avoiding the need for internal thermoregulation.
In biology, homeostasis (British also homoeostasis; / h ɒ m i oʊ ˈ s t eɪ s ɪ s,-m i ə-/) is the state of steady internal physical and chemical conditions maintained by living systems. [1] This is the condition of optimal functioning for the organism and includes many variables, such as body temperature and fluid balance , being kept ...
The human body always works to remain in homeostasis. One form of homeostasis is thermoregulation. Body temperature varies in every individual, but the average internal temperature is 37.0 °C (98.6 °F). [1] Sufficient stress from extreme external temperature may cause injury or death if it exceeds the ability of the body to thermoregulate.