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The most external matrix rotates the other two, leaving the second rotation matrix over the line of nodes, and the third one in a frame comoving with the body. There are 3 × 3 × 3 = 27 possible combinations of three basic rotations but only 3 × 2 × 2 = 12 of them can be used for representing arbitrary 3D rotations as Euler angles. These 12 ...
Otherwise, there is no axis plane. The case of θ = φ is called an isoclinic rotation, having eigenvalues e ±iθ repeated twice, so every vector is rotated through an angle θ. The trace of a rotation matrix is equal to the sum of its eigenvalues. For n = 2, a rotation by angle θ has trace 2 cos θ. For n = 3, a rotation around any axis by ...
Once the radius is fixed, the three coordinates (r, θ, φ), known as a 3-tuple, provide a coordinate system on a sphere, typically called the spherical polar coordinates. The plane passing through the origin and perpendicular to the polar axis (where the polar angle is a right angle) is called the reference plane (sometimes fundamental plane).
One example is shown in the diagram, where the rotation takes place about the z-axis. The plane of rotation is the xy-plane, so everything in that plane it kept in the plane by the rotation. This could be described by a matrix like the following, with the rotation being through an angle θ (about the axis or in the plane):
3D visualization of a sphere and a rotation about an Euler axis (^) by an angle of In 3-dimensional space, according to Euler's rotation theorem, any rotation or sequence of rotations of a rigid body or coordinate system about a fixed point is equivalent to a single rotation by a given angle about a fixed axis (called the Euler axis) that runs through the fixed point. [6]
The stereographic projection of a trace is an arc. The Wulff net is arcs corresponding to planes that share a common axis in the (x,y) plane. If the pole and the trace of a plane are represented on the same diagram, then we turn the Wulff net so the trace corresponds to an arc of the net;
x w axis - positive in the direction of the velocity vector of the aircraft relative to the air; z w axis - perpendicular to the x w axis, in the plane of symmetry of the aircraft, positive below the aircraft; y w axis - perpendicular to the x w,z w-plane, positive determined by the right hand rule (generally, positive to the right)
A surface generated by revolving a plane curve about a fixed line in its plane as an axis is called a surface of revolution. The plane curve is called the generatrix of the surface. A section of the surface, made by intersecting the surface with a plane that is perpendicular (orthogonal) to the axis, is a circle.