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Unlike other New World monkeys, both male and female howler monkeys have trichromatic color vision. [3] This has evolved independently from other New World monkeys due to gene duplication. [4] They have lifespans of 15 to 20 years. Howler species are dimorphic and can also be dichromatic (i.e. Alouatta caraya). Males are typically 1.5 to 2.0 kg ...
Usually, howler monkeys have a single dominant male, with multiple adult females and babies in smaller groups. [13] In larger groups, the howler monkeys' group composition can vary. [ 13 ] In a 2009 study by Lucas M. Aguiar, Gabriela Ludwig, and Fernando C. Passos, in the Upper Paraná River of southern Brazil, the black and gold howler groups ...
Brown howler monkeys are folivores and frugivorous. The diet of the brown howler monkey consists primarily of leaves and trees. Of the food sources it seems that the genera Ficus, Zanthoxylum, and Eugenia are the most significant types consumed. Brown howler monkeys that live in higher latitudes tend to eat a lower percentage of leaves in their ...
The mantled howler's appearance is similar to other howler monkeys of the genus Alouatta except for coloration. The mantled howler is primarily black except for a fringe of yellow or golden brown guard hairs on the flanks of the body earning the common name "mantled" howler monkey. [8] When the males reach maturity, the scrotum turns white. [9]
The Yucatán black howler is the largest of the howler monkey species and one of the largest of the New World monkeys. Yucatán black howler males are larger than those of any other Central American monkey species. On average, males weigh 11.4 kg (25 lb) and females weigh 6.4 kg (14 lb). [6]
The jawbone of the red howler monkey is large, especially the body of the mandible. The position of the foramen magnum is very posterior to make way for the expanded jaw and enlarged hyoid bone. Howler monkeys also have an inflated bulla, which is the bony encasement of the middle ear. This makes them an exception among other New World monkeys.
The Amazon black howler (Alouatta nigerrima) is a species of howler monkey, a type of New World monkey, endemic to the south-central Amazon in Brazil. [2] Until 2001, most authorities included it as a subspecies (or simply a taxonomically insignificant variation) of the red-handed howler, [3] though its distinction had already been pointed out much earlier. [4]
The Coiba Island howler (Alouatta coibensis) is a type of howler monkey, a type of New World monkey, endemic to Panama.Although the Coiba Island howler has been recognized as a separate species by a number of authorities since a 1987 study of its fingerprints, mitochondrial DNA testing found it does not differ from mantled howler populations in any significant way. [4]