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  2. DNA and RNA codon tables - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_and_RNA_codon_tables

    A codon table can be used to translate a genetic code into a sequence of amino acids. [1] [2] The standard genetic code is traditionally represented as an RNA codon table, because when proteins are made in a cell by ribosomes, it is messenger RNA (mRNA) that directs protein synthesis. [2] [3] The mRNA sequence is determined by the sequence of ...

  3. Protein primary structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_primary_structure

    Protein sequence is typically notated as a string of letters, listing the amino acids starting at the amino-terminal end through to the carboxyl-terminal end. Either a three letter code or single letter code can be used to represent the 22 naturally encoded amino acids, as well as mixtures or ambiguous amino acids (similar to nucleic acid ...

  4. Protein structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_structure

    The sequence of amino acids in insulin was discovered by Frederick Sanger, establishing that proteins have defining amino acid sequences. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] The sequence of a protein is unique to that protein, and defines the structure and function of the protein.

  5. Biomolecular structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomolecular_structure

    The primary structure of a biopolymer is the exact specification of its atomic composition and the chemical bonds connecting those atoms (including stereochemistry).For a typical unbranched, un-crosslinked biopolymer (such as a molecule of a typical intracellular protein, or of DNA or RNA), the primary structure is equivalent to specifying the sequence of its monomeric subunits, such as amino ...

  6. Sequence logo - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequence_logo

    A consensus logo is a simplified variation of a sequence logo that can be embedded in text format. Like a sequence logo, a consensus logo is created from a collection of aligned protein or DNA/RNA sequences and conveys information about the conservation of each position of a sequence motif or sequence alignment [1] [4].

  7. Genetic code - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_code

    Given the non-random genetic triplet coding scheme, a tenable hypothesis for the origin of genetic code could address multiple aspects of the codon table, such as absence of codons for D-amino acids, secondary codon patterns for some amino acids, confinement of synonymous positions to third position, the small set of only 20 amino acids ...

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  9. Nucleic acid sequence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleic_acid_sequence

    The sequence of nucleobases on a nucleic acid strand is translated by cell machinery into a sequence of amino acids making up a protein strand. Each group of three bases, called a codon , corresponds to a single amino acid, and there is a specific genetic code by which each possible combination of three bases corresponds to a specific amino acid.