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Major trauma is a severe traumatic injury that has the potential to cause disability or death. Serious traumatic injury most often occurs as a result of traffic collisions. [11] Traumatic injury is the leading cause of death in people under the age of 45. [12] Blunt trauma injuries are caused by the forceful impact of an external object.
[6] [7] The World Health Organization has developed a classification of injuries in humans by categories including mechanism, objects/substances producing injury, place of occurrence, activity when injured and the role of human intent. [8] In addition to physical harm, injuries can cause psychological harm, including post-traumatic stress ...
Persons with major trauma commonly have chest and pelvic x-rays taken, [6] and, depending on the mechanism of injury and presentation, a focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) exam to check for internal bleeding.
Abdominal CT showing left renal artery injury. Blunt abdominal trauma (BAT) represents 75% of all blunt trauma and is the most common example of this injury. [3] Seventy-five percent of BAT occurs in motor vehicle crashes, [4] in which rapid deceleration may propel the driver into the steering wheel, dashboard, or seatbelt, [5] causing contusions in less serious cases, or rupture of internal ...
As a whole, older populations are more vulnerable to trauma from minor mechanisms of injury and less able to recover following injury. [5] At the same time, medications to manage existing chronic conditions and co-morbidities may negatively affect older adults’ physiological responses to traumatic injuries and increase the risk for ...
In TBI, primary injuries result immediately from the initial trauma. [6] Primary injury occurs at the moment of trauma and includes contusion, damage to blood vessels, and axonal shearing, in which the axons of neurons are stretched and torn. [1] The blood brain barrier and meninges may be damaged in the primary injury, and neurons may die. [7]
Diffuse injury has more microscopic injury than macroscopic injury and is difficult to detect with CT and MRI, but its presence can be inferred when small bleeds are visible in the corpus callosum or the cerebral cortex. [34] MRI is more useful than CT for detecting characteristics of diffuse axonal injury in the subacute and chronic time ...
In neuropsychology research literature, in general the term "traumatic brain injury" is used to refer to non-penetrating traumatic brain injuries. TBI is usually classified based on severity, anatomical features of the injury, and the mechanism (the causative forces). [20]
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