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Stating that an individual is malingering can cause iatrogenic harm to patients if they are actually not exaggerating or feigning. Such iatrogenic harm may consist in delaying or denying medical attention, therapies, or insurance benefits. In the U.S. military, malingering is a court-martial offense under the Uniform Code of Military Justice.
The only feature characteristic of PCS that is generally agreed upon among health professionals is a significant impairment of the ability to function socially. [14] Recreational drug use , for instance, can often result in symptoms similar to those associated with PCS, making it difficult to determine the severity of a head injury if the ...
It presents a complex ethical dilemma within domains of society, including healthcare, legal systems, and employment settings. [1] [2] [3] Although malingering is not a medical diagnosis, it may be recorded as a "focus of clinical attention" or a "reason for contact with health services". [4] [2] It is coded by both the ICD-10 and DSM-5. The ...
Malingering can lead to a decline in research and subsequent treatment for PTSD as it interferes with true studies. False data skews findings, making it more difficult to develop effective treatments. [4] Insurance fraud may also come about through malingering, burdening the economy, healthcare systems, and taxpayers. [5]
The Lees-Haley Fake Bad Scale (FBS) or MMPI Symptom Validity Scale is a set of 43 items in the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), selected by Paul R. Lees-Haley in 1991 to detect malingering for the forensic evaluation of personal injury claimants. [1]
If these motivators are recognized by the patient, and especially if symptoms are fabricated or exaggerated for personal gain, then this is instead considered malingering. The difference between primary and secondary gain is that with primary gain, the reason a person may not be able to go to work is because they are injured or ill, whereas ...
Pankratz described forced-choice testing [vague] as a strategy for the assessment of malingering related to any sensory deficit. [ 19 ] [ 20 ] He later expanded forced-choice testing to assess malingering on neuropsychological assessment.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may develop following exposure to an extremely threatening or horrific event.It is characterized by several of the following signs or symptoms: unwanted re-experiencing of the traumatic event—such as vivid, intense, and emotion-laden intrusive memories—dissociative flashback episodes, or nightmares; active avoidance of thoughts, memories, or reminders ...