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  2. DESeq2 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DESeq2

    DESeq2 is a software package in the field of bioinformatics and computational biology for the statistical programming language R. It is primarily employed for the analysis of high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data to identify differentially expressed genes between different experimental conditions.

  3. Variance-stabilizing transformation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variance-stabilizing...

    For example, suppose that the values x are realizations from different Poisson distributions: i.e. the distributions each have different mean values μ. Then, because for the Poisson distribution the variance is identical to the mean, the variance varies with the mean. However, if the simple variance-stabilizing transformation

  4. MA plot - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MA_plot

    Within computational biology, an MA plot is an application of a Bland–Altman plot for visual representation of genomic data. The plot visualizes the differences between measurements taken in two samples, by transforming the data onto M (log ratio) and A (mean average) scales, then plotting these values.

  5. Normalization (machine learning) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normalization_(machine...

    Instance normalization (InstanceNorm), or contrast normalization, is a technique first developed for neural style transfer, and is also only used for CNNs. [26] It can be understood as the LayerNorm for CNN applied once per channel, or equivalently, as group normalization where each group consists of a single channel:

  6. Canonicalization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canonicalization

    In morphology and lexicography, a lemma is the canonical form of a set of words. In English, for example, run, runs, ran, and running are forms of the same lexeme, so we can select one of them; ex. run, to represent all the forms. Lexical databases such as Unitex use this kind of representation.

  7. Normal form (abstract rewriting) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_form_(abstract...

    A rewriting system has the unique normal form property (UN) if for all normal forms a, b ∈ S, a can be reached from b by a series of rewrites and inverse rewrites only if a is equal to b. A rewriting system has the unique normal form property with respect to reduction (UN →) if for every term reducing to normal forms a and b, a is equal to ...

  8. Normalization (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normalization_(statistics)

    In the simplest cases, normalization of ratings means adjusting values measured on different scales to a notionally common scale, often prior to averaging. In more complicated cases, normalization may refer to more sophisticated adjustments where the intention is to bring the entire probability distributions of adjusted values into alignment.

  9. Normalisation by evaluation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normalisation_by_evaluation

    In programming language semantics, normalisation by evaluation (NBE) is a method of obtaining the normal form of terms in the λ-calculus by appealing to their denotational semantics. A term is first interpreted into a denotational model of the λ-term structure, and then a canonical (β-normal and η-long) representative is extracted by ...