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Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is a vacuum deposition method used to produce high-quality, and high-performance, solid materials. The process is often used in the semiconductor industry to produce thin films .
Silicon is a common impurity in diamond films grown by chemical vapor deposition and it originates either from silicon substrate or from silica windows or walls of the CVD reactor. It was also observed in natural diamonds in dispersed form. [55]
A large number of compounds belonging to practically all classes have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions: elements, simple and complex oxides, tungstates, molybdates, carbonates, silicates, germanates etc. Hydrothermal synthesis is commonly used to grow synthetic quartz, gems and other single crystals with commercial value.
This low-pressure process is known as chemical vapor deposition (CVD). William G. Eversole reportedly achieved vapor deposition of diamond over diamond substrate in 1953, but it was not reported until 1962. [41] [42] Diamond film deposition was independently reproduced by Angus and coworkers in 1968 [43] and by Deryagin and Fedoseev in 1970.
When the vapor source is a liquid or solid, the process is called physical vapor deposition (PVD), [3] which is used in semiconductor devices, thin-film solar panels, and glass coatings. [4] When the source is a chemical vapor precursor, the process is called chemical vapor deposition (CVD).
N-type diamond films are reproducibly synthesized by phosphorus doping during chemical vapor deposition. [35] Diode p-n junctions and UV light emitting diodes (LEDs, at 235 nm) have been produced by sequential deposition of p-type (boron-doped) and n-type (phosphorus-doped) layers. [36]
Synthetic diamonds, also referred to as lab-grown diamonds, are created using advanced technological processes such as High-Pressure High-Temperature (HPHT) and Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD). These methods result in diamonds that are chemically and physically identical to natural diamonds, offering the same brilliance and durability. [20] [21]
Moreover, nanodiamond can be exploited as sensor for some specific analytes. Boron-doped diamond (BDD) produced by energy-assisted (plasma or hot filament, HF) Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) processes is a good candidatein Dopamine detection, however it is not selective towards some interferents.