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Ficus elastica, the rubber fig, rubber bush, rubber tree, rubber plant, or Indian rubber bush, Indian rubber tree, is a species of flowering plant in the family Moraceae, native to eastern parts of South and Southeast Asia. It has become naturalized in Sri Lanka, the West Indies, and the US state of Florida.
Hevea brasiliensis, the Pará rubber tree, sharinga tree, seringueira, or most commonly, rubber tree or rubber plant, is a flowering plant belonging to the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae, originally native to the Amazon basin, but is now pantropical in distribution due to introductions.
In 1990, Bakrie Sumatera Plantations opened a palm oil plantation in Pasaman, and acquired another one in Bah Jambi from P.T. Agrowiana the next year. In 1992 Bakrie Sumatera Plantations began converting several of its rubber plantations into palm oil plantations due to palm oil's higher profitability and greater endurance of climate change. [5]
The major commercial source of natural rubber latex is the Amazonian rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis), [1] a member of the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae.Once native to Brazil, the species is now pan-tropical.
Rubber tapping in Indonesia, 1951. Rubber tapping is the process by which latex is collected from a rubber tree.The latex is harvested by slicing a groove into the bark of the tree at a depth of one-quarter inch (6.4 mm) with a hooked knife and peeling back the bark.
These plantations opened opportunity for new crops such as rubber (1876), palm oil (1917), and cocoa (1950). A number of crops are grown for domestic purpose such as bananas, coconuts, durian, pineapples, rice and rambutan. Palm oil cultivation is a significant cause of deforestation in Malaysia. [1]
Mucuna bracteata originates from North India in forest areas of the Tripura State, [4] which is part of Bangladesh and southwest from China. India specifically utilizes this cover crop in Kerala, India, on local rubber plantations to sustain their rubber tree crop with its primary purpose to increase nitrogen levels in the soil, in turn improving soil health and fertility.
British and American companies, including the Goodyear Rubber Company made huge investments. Plantations were subsequently established in Simalungun and Asahan. In 1911, oil palm plantations were established in Asahan and Simalungun, and these two crops provided the bulk of the profits for the plantation sector for the next two decades. [10]