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Articulated trams, were invented and first used by the Boston Elevated Railway in 1912–13. [2] This was instead of using trailers or multiple units, which had been attempted in the early 1900s. The articulated design allows passengers (and fare inspectors) to move the entire length of the vehicle, whether stopped or in motion.
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Articulated passenger cars are becoming increasingly common in Europe and the US. The passageways between the car elements are permanently attached. There is a safety benefit claimed that if the train derails, it is less likely to jackknife and modern construction techniques prevent telescoping. Articulated cars are not, however, a new idea.
Articulated tram GT3 in Bremen Type F in Vienna. In 1928 an experimental tram was constructed in Görlitz and then put into service in Dresden until the mid-1960s. This car was numbered 2501 and had three sections: the center section had four fixed wheels, both end sections had each only one adjustable axle. [4]
A tracked articulated vehicle or articulated tracked vehicle (abbreviated as ATV. [ 1 ] but not to be confused with all-terrain vehicle ), is a variation of a continuous track vehicle that consists of two cars, each with their own track, most commonly with an actuated linkage in between.
The M520 "Truck, Cargo, 8-ton, 4x4", nicknamed Goer, truck series was formerly the US Army’s standard heavy tactical truck before its replacement by the Oshkosh HEMTT.As trucks go, the Caterpillar-made Goer stands out due to being articulated, much wider than other trucks, and lacking suspension on the wheels.
A less common variant of the articulated bus is the bi-articulated bus, where the vehicle has two trailer sections rather than one. Such vehicles have a capacity of around 200 people, and a length of about 25 m (82 ft); as such, they are used almost exclusively on high-capacity, high-frequency arterial routes and on bus rapid transit services.
To fill the need for such vehicles, a specialized design bureau was established with the task of developing articulated tracked vehicles. Also a military vehicle able to operate on USSR northern borders was deemed necessary. In February 1971 the first two ATVs, designated DT-LP and DT-L, were produced for the State trials.