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The hamza has a single form, since it is never linked to a preceding or following letter. However, it is sometimes combined with a wāw, yā’, or alif, and in that case the carrier behaves like an ordinary wāw, yā’, or alif, check the table below:
The hamza (ء) on its own is hamzat al-qaṭ‘ (هَمْزَة الْقَطْع, "the hamzah which breaks, ceases or halts", i.e. the broken, cessation, halting"), otherwise referred to as qaṭ‘at (قَطْعَة), that is, a phonemic glottal stop unlike the hamzat al-waṣl (هَمْزَة الوَصْل, "the hamzah which attaches, connects or joins", i.e. the attachment, connection ...
Arabic Letter Yeh Barree With Hamza Above Urdu U+06D4 ۔ Arabic Full Stop Urdu U+06D5 ە Arabic Letter Ae Uyghur, Kazakh, Kyrgyz U+06D6 ۖ Arabic Small High Ligature Sad With Lam With Alef Maksura U+06D7 ۗ Arabic Small High Ligature Qaf With Lam With Alef Maksura U+06D8 ۘ Arabic Small High Meem Initial Form U+06D9 ۙ
alif hamza↑ alif madda alif hamza↓ yā’ hamza↑ kashmiri yā’ hamza rohingya yā’ ى ٱ ی ە ً ٌ ٍ alif maksura alif wasla farsi yā’ ae fathatan dammatan kasratan َ ُ ِ ّ ْ ٓ ۤ fatha damma kasra shadda sukun maddah madda ں ٹ ٺ ٻ پ ٿ ڃ nūn ghunna ttā’ ttāhā’ bāā’ pā’ tāhā’ nyā’ ڄ چ ڇ ڈ ڌ ...
Alif إ أ is generally the carrier if the only adjacent vowel is fatḥah. It is the only possible carrier if hamza is the first phoneme of a word. Where alif acts as a carrier for hamza, hamza is added above the alif, or, for initial alif-kasrah, below it and indicates that the letter so modified is indeed a glottal stop, not a long vowel.
The waṣla (Arabic: وَصْلَة , lit. 'an instance of connection') or hamzatu l-waṣli (هَمْزَةُ ٱلْوَصْلِ, 'hamza of connection') is a variant of the letter hamza (ء) resembling part of the letter ṣād (ص) that is sometimes placed over the letter ʾalif at the beginning of the word ().
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Muqatta'at occur in Quranic chapters 2–3, 7, 10–15, 19–20, 26–32, 36, 38, 40–46, 50 and 68. Furthermore, the codex of Ubayy ibn Ka'b additionally had Surah 39 begin with Ḥā Mīm, in line with the pattern seen in the next seven surahs. [5]