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[21] [22] In general, gram negative bacteria enter the bloodstream from infections in the respiratory tract, genitourinary tract, gastrointestinal tract, or hepatobiliary system. Gram-negative bacteremia occurs more frequently in elderly populations (65 years or older) and is associated with higher morbidity and mortality in this population. [23]
Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that, unlike gram-positive bacteria, do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining method of bacterial differentiation. [1] Their defining characteristic is their cell envelope , which consists of a thin peptidoglycan cell wall sandwiched between an inner ( cytoplasmic ) membrane and an ...
Haemophilus influenzae (formerly called Pfeiffer's bacillus or Bacillus influenzae) is a Gram-negative, non-motile, coccobacillary, facultatively anaerobic, capnophilic pathogenic bacterium of the family Pasteurellaceae. The bacteria are mesophilic and grow best at temperatures between 35 and 37 °C. [1]
These gram-negative, aerobic bacteria reside in the mucosal membranes of the upper respiratory tract, functioning as commensals. [3] However, this species can also play a pathogenic role in immunocompromised and diabetic individuals. [4] In rare cases, it has been linked to meningitis, pneumonia, empyema, endocarditis, and sepsis.
Morganella morganii is a species of Gram-negative bacteria. [2] It has a commensal relationship within the intestinal tracts of humans, mammals, and reptiles as normal flora. [ 2 ] Although M. morganii has a wide distribution, it is considered an uncommon cause of community-acquired infection, and it is most often encountered in postoperative ...
Enterobacter cloacae is a member of the normal gut flora of many humans and is not usually a primary pathogen. [9] Some strains have been associated with urinary tract and respiratory tract infections in immunocompromised individuals.
Proteus penneri is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium. [1] It is an invasive pathogen [2] and a cause of nosocomial infections of the urinary tract or open wounds. [3] Pathogens have been isolated mainly from the urine of patients with abnormalities in the urinary tract, and from stool. [4]
Klebsiella oxytoca on agar plate. Klebsiella oxytoca is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that is closely related to K. pneumoniae, from which it is distinguished by being indole-positive; it also has slightly different growth characteristics in that it is able to grow on melezitose, but not 3-hydroxybutyrate.