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The North American Charging System (NACS), standardized as SAE J3400, is an electric vehicle (EV) charging connector standard maintained by SAE International. [1] Developed by Tesla, Inc. , it has been used by all North American market Tesla vehicles since 2021 and was opened for use by other manufacturers in November 2022.
The connector is circular in shape, with a flattened top edge; the original design specification carried an output electric power of 3–50 kW for charging battery electric vehicles using single-phase (230V) or three-phase (400V) alternating current (AC), with a typical maximum of 32 A 7.2 kW using single-phase AC and 22 kW with three-phase AC ...
Although the seven-pin interface is capable of passing three-phase AC power, the current implementation is limited to single-phase power. [2] In general, charging speeds are also limited by the vehicle's on board charger, which is usually less than 10 kW. The on-board charger converts the AC input power to DC.
CCS1 (Combined Charging System Combo 1) plug as used in North America. It is an extension of the J1772 standard AC charging connector. CCS Combo 1 vehicle inlet showing the J1772 and the two DC fast-charging pins Connectors: Incomplete Combo 2 (left) showing the two large direct current (DC) pins below, while the four alternating current (AC) pins for neutral and three-phase are removed, while ...
The SAE J1772-2017 standard defines four levels of charging: AC Level 1, AC Level 2, DC Level 1, and DC Level 2. [23] Earlier released revisions of J1772 also listed a never-implemented AC Level 3 , which was considered but never implemented.
Basic AC charging is defined in SAE J1772 and IEC 61851-1 Annex A with an analog control pilot, and is used with a variety of single-phase AC grid voltages lower than 250 VAC. LIN-CP ( L ocal I nterconnect N etwork on the C ontrol P ilot ) was originally specified in IEC 61851-1 Annex D in Edition 3.
IEC 61851-21-2: Electric vehicle requirements for conductive connection to an AC/DC supply - EMC requirements for off board electric vehicle charging systems [4] IEC 61851-23: DC electric vehicle charging station [5] IEC 61851-24: Digital communication between a DC EV charging station and an electric vehicle for control of DC charging [6]
Rapid charging results in even faster recharge times and is limited only by available AC power, battery type, and the type of charging system. [21] Onboard EV chargers (change AC power to DC power to recharge the EV's pack) can be: Isolated: they make no physical connection between the A/C electrical mains and the batteries being charged. These ...
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