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Thiazide (/ ˈ θ aɪ ə z aɪ d /) refers to both a class of sulfur-containing organic molecules [1] and a class of diuretics based on the chemical structure of benzothiadiazine. [2] The thiazide drug class was discovered and developed at Merck and Co. in the 1950s. [ 3 ]
Hydrochlorothiazide, sold under the brand name Hydrodiuril among others, is a diuretic medication used to treat hypertension and swelling due to fluid build-up. [4] Other uses include treating diabetes insipidus and renal tubular acidosis and to decrease the risk of kidney stones in those with a high calcium level in the urine. [4]
The thiazide diuretics also deplete circulating potassium unless combined with a potassium-sparing diuretic or supplemental potassium. Some authors have challenged thiazides as first line treatment. [55] [56] [57] However, as the Merck Manual of Geriatrics notes, "thiazide-type diuretics are especially safe and effective in the elderly." [58]
Contraindications [ edit ] Thiazide diuretics increase the excretion of sodium and potassium ions and decrease the excretion of calcium ions and uric acid so they are contraindicated in patients with hyponatraemia , hypokalaemia , hypercalcaemia and hyperuricaemia .
A common application of diuretics is for the purposes of invalidating drug tests. [22] Diuretics increase the urine volume and dilute doping agents and their metabolites. Another use is to rapidly lose weight to meet a weight category in sports like boxing and wrestling. [23] [24]
In 2023, the American Academy of Pediatrics released new guidelines for treating childhood obesity, recommending for the first time weight loss drugs and, in some cases, surgery for children ages ...
As with other thiazide diuretics, chlortalidone crosses the placenta and is excreted in breast milk. [49] Chlortalidone may suppress lactation, and has been used for this indication. Due to its long half-life, chlortalidone may accumulate in newborns via breast milk, despite receiving only about 6% of the maternal weight-adjusted dose. [50]
Chlorothiazide, sold under the brand name Diuril among others, is an organic compound used as a diuretic and as an antihypertensive. [1] [2]It is used both within the hospital setting or for personal use to manage excess fluid associated with congestive heart failure.