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Thiazide (/ ˈ θ aɪ ə z aɪ d /) refers to both a class of sulfur-containing organic molecules [1] and a class of diuretics based on the chemical structure of benzothiadiazine. [2] The thiazide drug class was discovered and developed at Merck and Co. in the 1950s. [ 3 ]
Contraindications [ edit ] Thiazide diuretics increase the excretion of sodium and potassium ions and decrease the excretion of calcium ions and uric acid so they are contraindicated in patients with hyponatraemia , hypokalaemia , hypercalcaemia and hyperuricaemia .
The thiazide diuretics also deplete circulating potassium unless combined with a potassium-sparing diuretic or supplemental potassium. Some authors have challenged thiazides as first line treatment. [55] [56] [57] However, as the Merck Manual of Geriatrics notes, "thiazide-type diuretics are especially safe and effective in the elderly." [58]
Chlorothiazide, sold under the brand name Diuril among others, is an organic compound used as a diuretic and as an antihypertensive. [1] [2]It is used both within the hospital setting or for personal use to manage excess fluid associated with congestive heart failure.
Hydrochlorothiazide, sold under the brand name Hydrodiuril among others, is a diuretic medication used to treat hypertension and swelling due to fluid build-up. [4] Other uses include treating diabetes insipidus and renal tubular acidosis and to decrease the risk of kidney stones in those with a high calcium level in the urine. [4]
The thiazides and potassium-sparing diuretics are considered to be calcium-sparing diuretics. [6] The thiazides cause a net decrease in calcium lost in urine. [7] The potassium-sparing diuretics cause a net increase in calcium lost in urine, but the increase is much smaller than the increase associated with other diuretic classes. [7]
PHOTO: Semaglutide (GLP-1) weight-loss drug Wegovy, made by pharmaceutical company Novo Nordisk is seen on Oct. 16, 2024. (James Manning/PA Images via Getty Images)
As with other thiazide diuretics, chlortalidone crosses the placenta and is excreted in breast milk. [49] Chlortalidone may suppress lactation, and has been used for this indication. Due to its long half-life, chlortalidone may accumulate in newborns via breast milk, despite receiving only about 6% of the maternal weight-adjusted dose. [50]
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