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Mutations to homeobox genes can produce easily visible phenotypic changes in body segment identity, such as the Antennapedia and Bithorax mutant phenotypes in Drosophila. Duplication of homeobox genes can produce new body segments, and such duplications are likely to have been important in the evolution of segmented animals.
n/a Ensembl ENSG00000185960 n/a UniProt O15266 n/a RefSeq (mRNA) n/a n/a RefSeq (protein) NP_000442 NP_006874 n/a Location (UCSC) n/a n/a PubMed search n/a Wikidata View/Edit Human The short-stature homeobox gene (SHOX), also known as short-stature-homeobox-containing gene, is a gene located on both the X and Y chromosomes, which is associated with short stature in humans if mutated or present ...
Homeobox (Hox) gene expression in Drosophila melanogaster Drosophila melanogaster is an important model for understanding body plan generation and evolution. The general principles of Hox gene function and logic elucidated in flies will apply to all bilaterian organisms, including humans.
Homeotic genes are genes which regulate the development of anatomical structures in various organisms such as echinoderms, [1] insects, mammals, and plants. Homeotic genes often encode transcription factor proteins, and these proteins affect development by regulating downstream gene networks involved in body patterning.
15394 Ensembl ENSG00000105991 ENSMUSG00000029844 UniProt P49639 P09022 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_153620 NM_005522 NM_010449 NM_001311118 RefSeq (protein) NP_005513 NP_705873 n/a Location (UCSC) Chr 7: 27.09 – 27.1 Mb Chr 6: 52.13 – 52.14 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Homeobox protein Hox-A1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXA1 gene. Gene Two transcript ...
tinman, or tin is an Nk2-homeobox containing transcription factor first isolated in Drosophila flies. The human homolog is the Nkx2-5 gene. tinman is expressed in the precardiac mesoderm and is responsible for the differentiation, proliferation, and specification of cardiac progenitor cells.
Homeosis may be caused by mutations in Hox genes, found in animals, or others such as the MADS-box family in plants. Homeosis is a characteristic that has helped insects become as successful and diverse as they are. [3] Homeotic mutations work by changing segment identity during development.
Figure 1 - Mutations in the Ubx gene lead to transformation of appendages in T2 and T3 segments, resulting in a second set of wings observed in the "bithorax" phenotype. Ultrabithorax (Ubx) is a homeobox gene found in insects, and is used in the regulation of patterning in morphogenesis.