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The antidotes for ethylene glycol poisoning are ethanol and fomepizole. This antidotal treatment forms the mainstay of management of ethylene glycol poisoning. The toxicity of ethylene glycol comes from its metabolism to glycolic acid and oxalic acid. The goal of pharmacotherapy is to prevent the formation of these metabolites.
But many methanol poisoning incidents have occurred through history, since methanol is lethal even in small quantities, as little as 10–15 milliliters (2–3 teaspoons). Ethanol is used to treat methanol and ethylene glycol toxicity. The Lucas test differentiates between primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols.
Fomepizole is used to treat ethylene glycol and methanol poisoning. It acts to inhibit the breakdown of these toxins into their active toxic metabolites. Fomepizole is a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase, [6] found in the liver. This enzyme plays a key role in the metabolism of ethylene glycol, and of methanol.
[3] [4] [5] Taken by mouth or injected into a vein, ethanol is used to treat methanol or ethylene glycol toxicity when fomepizole is not available. [1] Side effects of alcohols applied to the skin include skin irritation. [2] Care should be taken with electrocautery, as ethanol is flammable. [1]
Heparin poisoning Prussian blue: Thallium poisoning: Physostigmine sulfate Anticholinergic poisoning Pyridoxine: Isoniazid poisoning, ethylene glycol, accidental hydrazine exposure (E.G from Gyromitra mushrooms) Phytomenadione (vitamin K) and fresh frozen plasma: Warfarin overdose and some (but not all) rodenticides Sodium bicarbonate
The snacks were contaminated with ethylene glycol, probably originating from contamined propylene glycol. All products made by Bassar were recalled on the 7th of September. [113] 2024 – Applesauce products containing cinnamon were found to contain lead chromate, leading to reports of child lead poisoning across the United States. The source ...
The toxicity of 5-bromo 2'-deoxyuridine to malignant lymphoid cells (1978) Jeffrey A. Brent is a medical toxicologist [ 1 ] who is a distinguished clinical professor of medicine and emergency medicine at the University of Colorado , School of Medicine. [ 2 ]
The major cause of ethylene glycol toxicity is the accumulation of glycolic acid in the body, [18] but accumulation of calcium oxalate crystals in the kidneys can also lead to acute kidney failure. [17] In the case of DEG, calcium oxalate crystal are not deposited in the kidneys, implying that ethylene glycol is not on the DEG metabolic pathway.