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DWI directly visualizes the ischemic necrosis in cerebral infarction in the form of a cytotoxic edema, [38] appearing as a high DWI signal within minutes of arterial occlusion. [39] With perfusion MRI detecting both the infarcted core and the salvageable penumbra, the latter can be quantified by DWI and perfusion MRI. [40]
Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) is a magnetic resonance imaging sequence with an inversion recovery set to null fluids. For example, it can be used in brain imaging to suppress cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) effects on the image, so as to bring out the periventricular hyperintense lesions, such as multiple sclerosis (MS) plaques. [ 1 ]
Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) [2] is an inversion-recovery pulse sequence used to nullify the signal from fluids. For example, it can be used in brain imaging to suppress cerebrospinal fluid so as to bring out periventricular hyperintense lesions, such as multiple sclerosis plaques.
High signal for paramagnetic substances, such as MRI contrast agents [2] Standard foundation and comparison for other sequences T2 weighted: T2: Measuring spin–spin relaxation by using long TR and TE times Higher signal for more water content [1] Low signal for fat in standard Spine Echo (SE), [1] though not with Fast Spin Echo/Turbo Spin ...
Diffusion-weighted images (DWI): DWI uses the diffusion of water molecules to generate contrast in MR images. Proton density (PD) images: CSF has a relatively high level of protons, making CSF appear bright. Gray matter is brighter than white matter. [27] False color MRI by applying red to T1, green to PD and blue to T2.
MRI provides excellent soft tissue contrast and is widely used in theranostics for its ability to visualize anatomical structures and assess physiological processes. [ 8 ] In theranostics, MRI allows for the detection and characterization of tumors, assessment of tumor extent, and evaluation of treatment response.
Susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI), originally called BOLD venographic imaging, is an MRI sequence that is exquisitely sensitive to venous blood, hemorrhage and iron storage. SWI uses a fully flow compensated, long echo, gradient recalled echo (GRE) pulse sequence to acquire images.
MRI scans of the human brain, examples of ARIA highlighted in blue: Left: ARIA-E with sulcal effusion (FLAIR sequence) Middle: ARIA-H with multiple microbleeds (T2* weighted) Right: ARIA-H with superficial siderosis (T2* weighted) Two non-exclusive mechanisms have been postulated.
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