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Allopatric speciation (from Ancient Greek ἄλλος (állos) 'other' and πατρίς (patrís) 'fatherland') – also referred to as geographic speciation, vicariant speciation, or its earlier name the dumbbell model [1]: 86 – is a mode of speciation that occurs when biological populations become geographically isolated from each other to an extent that prevents or interferes with gene flow.
List of birds of the Galapagos Islands. Darwin's Finches Evolve Before Scientists' Eyes: new developments reported 13 July 2006; Fink F.A.Q. Darwin's finches inspired the naming of the Fink project, a collaborative initiative for porting open source software to the Darwin platform to enable its use and evolution in the Apple Mac OS X ...
The mechanism by which the finches initially diversified is still an area of active research. One proposition is that the finches were able to have a non-adaptive, allopatric speciation event on separate islands in the archipelago, such that when they reconverged on some islands, they were able to maintain reproductive isolation. [12]
Divergent evolution is typically exhibited when two populations become separated by a geographic barrier (such as in allopatric or peripatric speciation) and experience different selective pressures that cause adaptations. After many generations and continual evolution, the populations become less able to interbreed with one another. [1]
The finches with the deeper, stronger beaks consume large, tough seeds, while the finches with smaller beaks consume the smaller, softer seeds. Character displacement is the phenomenon where differences among similar species whose distributions overlap geographically are accentuated in regions where the species co-occur, but are minimized or ...
In peripatric speciation, a subform of allopatric speciation, new species are formed in isolated, smaller peripheral populations that are prevented from exchanging genes with the main population. It is related to the concept of a founder effect, since small populations often undergo bottlenecks. Genetic drift is often proposed to play a ...
The small ground finch, one of Darwin's finches of the Galápagos The Ficedula flycatchers exhibit a pattern that suggests premating isolation is being reinforced by sexual selection. [ 16 ] The pied flycatcher ( Ficedula hypoleuca ) has brown females, brown males, and black-and-white males.
Finches are 3.7 times more likely to travel to the brooding area than any other location. [20] Urbanization in the Galapagos is slowly increasing which directly affects the nesting success of the finches. [21] Nests in urban areas are built using artificial materials, such as plastic, fishing lines, paper, and human hair. [8]