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Whereas knowledge by description is something like ordinary propositional knowledge (e.g. "I know that snow is white"), knowledge by acquaintance is familiarity with a person, place, or thing, typically obtained through perceptual experience (e.g. "I know Sam", "I know the city of Bogotá", or "I know Russell's Problems of Philosophy"). [1]
Knowledge is often understood as a state of an individual person, but it can also refer to a characteristic of a group of people as group knowledge, social knowledge, or collective knowledge. [5] Some social sciences understand knowledge as a broad social phenomenon that is similar to culture. [ 6 ]
Also called theory of knowledge, [a] it examines what knowledge is and what types of knowledge there are. It further investigates the sources of knowledge, like perception, inference, and testimony, to determine how knowledge is created. Another topic is the extent and limits of knowledge, confronting questions about what people can and cannot ...
In the philosophy of mind, the phrase often refers to knowledge that can only be acquired through experience, such as, for example, the knowledge of what it is like to see colours, which could not be explained to someone born blind: the necessity of experiential knowledge becomes clear if one was asked to explain to a blind person a colour like blue.
To know is a feeling (unconscious) of familiarity. It is the sensation that the item has been seen before, but not being able to pin down the reason why. [1] Knowing simply reflects the familiarity of an item without recollection. [1] Knowing utilizes semantic memory that requires perceptually based, data-driven processing.
People's skills, experiences, insight, creativity and judgement all fall into this dimension. [7] Tacit knowledge can also be described as know-how, distinguishing from know-that or facts. [6] Before Polanyi, Gilbert Ryle published a paper in 1945 drawing the distinction between knowing-that (knowledge of proposition) and knowing-how.
A clearer contrast is between knowledge-that and knowledge-how . [77] Know-how is also referred to as practical knowledge or ability knowledge. It is expressed in formulations like, "I know how to ride a bike." [7] [9] [76] All forms of practical knowledge involve some type of competence, i.e., having the ability to do something.
Common knowledge can be about a broad range of subjects, such as science, literature, history, or entertainment. [1] Since individuals often have different knowledge bases, common knowledge can vary and it may sometimes take large-scale studies to know for certain what is common knowledge amongst large groups of people. [2]