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Academic enquiry into the product lifetimes of electrical and electronic equipment was undertaken in 2000 by Cooper and Mayers [21] who conducted household interviews and focus groups to establish the age at discard (actual product lifetime) and expected lifetimes for 17 products. Since this study, work has been undertaken by other academics ...
A decreasing failure rate describes cases where early-life failures are common [7] and corresponds to the situation where () is a decreasing function. This can describe, for example, the period of infant mortality in humans, or the early failure of a transistors due to manufacturing defects.
In electrical engineering, utilization factor, , is the ratio of the maximum load which could be drawn to the rated capacity of the system. This is closely related to the concept of Load factor. The Load factor is the ratio of the load that a piece of equipment actually draws (time averaged) when it is in operation to the load it could draw ...
In the later life of the product, the failure rate increases due to wearout. Many electronic consumer product life cycles follow the bathtub curve. [ 1 ] It is difficult to know where a product is along the bathtub curve, or even if the bathtub curve is applicable to a certain product without large amounts of products in use and associated ...
Calculation of the required breaking capacity involves determining the supply impedance and voltage. Supply impedance is calculated from the impedance of the elements making up the supply system. Customers of an electrical supply utility can request the maximum value of prospective short-circuit current available at their point of supply.
The difference between service life and predicted life is most clear when considering mission time and reliability in comparison to MTBF and service life. For example, a missile system can have a mission time of less than one minute, service life of 20 years, active MTBF of 20 minutes, dormant MTBF of 50 years, and reliability of 99.9999%.
Given a component database calibrated with field failure data that is reasonably accurate, [1] the method can predict device level failure rate per failure mode, useful life, automatic diagnostic effectiveness, and latent fault test effectiveness for a given application.
Electrical equipment part of the distribution system in a large building. Electrical equipment includes any machine powered by electricity. It usually consists of an enclosure, a variety of electrical components, and often a power switch. Examples of these include: Lighting; Major appliance; Small appliances; IT equipment (computers, printers etc.)