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The voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages.The symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represent this sound are t͡ɕ , t͜ɕ , c͡ɕ and c͜ɕ , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbols are t_s\ and c_s\, though transcribing the stop component with c (c in X-SAMPA) is rare.
The voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant affricate or voiceless domed postalveolar sibilant affricate is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages.The sound is transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet with t͡ʃ , t͜ʃ tʃ (formerly the ligature ʧ ), or, in broad transcription, c .
The voiceless alveolar sibilant affricate [t͡s] is the most common type, similar to the ts in English cats. The voiceless alveolar non-sibilant affricate [t͡θ̠] or [t͡θ͇], using the alveolar diacritic from the Extended IPA, is somewhat similar to the th in some pronunciations of English eighth.
The amount of devoicing is variable, but the fully voiceless variant tends to be alveolo-palatal [ɕ] in the /tj/ sequence: [ˈt̺ʲɕuːzdeɪ] ⓘ. It is a fricative, rather than a fricative element of an affricate because the preceding plosive remains alveolar, rather than becoming alveolo-palatal, as in Dutch. [1]
These sounds are similar to the alveolo-palatal sibilants [ɕ] [ʑ] and to the retroflex sibilants [ʂ] [ʐ], all of which are postalveolar consonants.In palato-alveolars the front of the body of the tongue is domed, in that the front of the tongue moves partway towards the palate, giving the consonant a weakly palatalized sound.
lab zd voiceless uvular affricate [q͡χʷ] ⓘ Kabardian, Lillooet lateral: lab zd voiceless velar lateral affricate [k͡ʟ̝̊ʷ] ⓘ Archi Fricatives sibilant: lab zd voiceless alveolar sibilant [sʷ] ⓘ Archi, Lao, Lezgian lab zd voiced alveolar sibilant [zʷ] ⓘ Archi, Tsakhur, Lezgian lab zd voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant [ʃʷ] ⓘ
The letter represents two distinctive consonantal sounds: the hard voiced palato-alveolar affricate/ḏ͡ʒ̱/ as in ğar [ḏ͡ʒ̱ɑṟ] 'abyss' and the soft voiced palato-alveolar affricate/d̶͡ʒ̶/ as in ğer [d̶͡ʒ̶er̶] 'place', 'ground'.
It is common for the phonetic symbol c to be used to represent voiceless postalveolar affricate [t͡ʃ] or other similar affricates, for example in the Indic languages. This may be considered appropriate when the place of articulation needs to be specified and the distinction between plosive and affricate is not contrastive.