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Peripheral artery disease most commonly affects the legs, but other arteries may also be involved, such as those of the arms, neck, or kidneys. [4] [17] Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a form of peripheral vascular disease. Vascular refers to both the arteries and veins within the body. PAD differs from peripheral veinous disease. PAD means ...
The classic triad of symptoms found in Wernicke encephalopathy is: [11] ophthalmoplegia (later expanded to other eye movement disorders, most commonly affecting the lateral rectus muscle. [11] Lateral nystagmus is most commonly seen although lateral rectus palsy, usually bilateral, may be seen). ataxia (later expanded to imbalance or any ...
If the impaired vein function causes significant symptoms, such as swelling and ulcer formation, it is referred to as chronic venous disease. [3] It is sometimes called chronic peripheral venous insufficiency and should not be confused with post-thrombotic syndrome in which the deep veins have been damaged by previous deep vein thrombosis .
Elderlies, who present with similar symptoms, are more likely to be diagnosed with peripheral artery disease with associated atherosclerosis. [2] Patients with PAES mainly present with intermittent feet and calf pain associated with exercises and relieved with rest. [ 3 ]
This leads to accumulation of AGEs, thickening of the basement membrane, narrowing the blood vessels, reducing blood flow to the tissues and causing ischemic injury. [ 18 ] [ 19 ] In addition, oxidative stress , caused by AGEs and the other pathways, causes apoptosis of pericytes and podocytes in the retina and the kidneys respectively leading ...
Pain may be the first noticed symptom. [3] People with lipodermatosclerosis have tapering of their legs above the ankles, forming a constricting band resembling an inverted champagne bottle. [ 3 ] [ 5 ] In addition, there may be brownish-red pigmentation and induration .
Here's how to pinpoint when you're actually in this phase of life even if your symptoms (hot flashes, mood swings, stress, dryness) are nonspecific.
Non-freezing cold injuries (NFCI) is a class of tissue damage caused by sustained exposure to low temperature without actual freezing. [1] There are several forms of NFCI, and the common names may refer to the circumstances in which they commonly occur or were first described, such as trench foot, which was named after its association with trench warfare.