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  2. Thermodynamic state - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic_state

    Thermodynamic temperature is a specifically thermodynamic concept, while the original directly measureable state variables are defined by ordinary physical measurements, without reference to thermodynamic concepts; for this reason, it is helpful to regard thermodynamic temperature as a state function.

  3. Equation of state - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equation_of_state

    In physics and chemistry, an equation of state is a thermodynamic equation relating state variables, which describe the state of matter under a given set of physical conditions, such as pressure, volume, temperature, or internal energy. [1] [2] Most modern equations of state are formulated in the Helmholtz free energy.

  4. Ideal gas law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideal_gas_law

    A thermodynamic process is defined as a system that moves from state 1 to state 2, where the state number is denoted by a subscript. As shown in the first column of the table, basic thermodynamic processes are defined such that one of the gas properties (P, V, T, S, or H) is constant throughout the process.

  5. Table of thermodynamic equations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_of_thermodynamic...

    Quantity (common name/s) (Common) symbol/s Defining equation SI unit Dimension Temperature gradient: No standard symbol K⋅m −1: ΘL −1: Thermal conduction rate, thermal current, thermal/heat flux, thermal power transfer

  6. Heat capacity ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_capacity_ratio

    For example, terrestrial air is primarily made up of diatomic gases (around 78% nitrogen, N 2, and 21% oxygen, O 2), and at standard conditions it can be considered to be an ideal gas. The above value of 1.4 is highly consistent with the measured adiabatic indices for dry air within a temperature range of 0–200 °C, exhibiting a deviation of ...

  7. Van der Waals equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_der_Waals_equation

    The Gibbs free energy is one of the 4 thermodynamic potentials whose partial derivatives produce all other thermodynamics state properties; [68] its differential is = + =. Integrating this over an isotherm from p s , v f {\displaystyle p_{s},v_{f}} to p s , v g {\displaystyle p_{s},v_{g}} , noting that the pressure is the same at each endpoint ...

  8. Thermodynamic equations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic_equations

    The equilibrium state of a thermodynamic system is described by specifying its "state". The state of a thermodynamic system is specified by a number of extensive quantities, the most familiar of which are volume, internal energy, and the amount of each constituent particle (particle numbers). Extensive parameters are properties of the entire ...

  9. Ideal gas - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideal_gas

    This is an important step since, according to the theory of thermodynamic potentials, if we can express the entropy as a function of U (U is a thermodynamic potential), volume V and the number of particles N, then we will have a complete statement of the thermodynamic behavior of the ideal gas. We will be able to derive both the ideal gas law ...