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Their work on "restorative environments" and Attention Restoration Theory influenced how landscape and design professionals and others view humanity's relationship with nature. The Kaplans got involved in studying the effects of nature on people in the 1970s with a US Forest Service grant to evaluate a challenge program in Michigan's wilderness.
Attention restoration theory (ART) asserts that people can concentrate better after spending time in nature, or even looking at scenes of nature. Natural environments abound with "soft fascinations" which a person can reflect upon in "effortless attention", such as clouds moving across the sky, leaves rustling in a breeze or water bubbling over rocks in a stream.
This review also compared alternative theories to attention restoration theory, including the strength model of self-regulation (SMSR), the attention-resource model, and the stress recovery theory. A number of studies have been performed that specifically focus on directed attention fatigue experienced by cancer patients.
The reasonable person model (RPM) is a psychological framework which argues that people are at their best when their informational needs are met.Positing that unreasonableness is not a human trait, but rather the result of environment (context and circumstances), the RPM attempts to define the environments/actions that foster reasonableness, defining three key areas that assist with this ...
Rachel and Stephen Kaplan, Professors of psychology at the University of Michigan, the Kaplans are known for their research on the effect of nature on people's relationships and health, including Attention Restoration Theory and are renowned in the field of environmental psychology
[3] [4] The concept of green exercise has therefore grown out of well-established areas such as the attention restoration theory within environmental psychology which have tended to focus on the psychological and physical effects of viewing nature (e.g., see the work of Kaplan and Ulrich) and well-recognised work about the psychological ...
Social Security is the U.S. government’s biggest program; as of June 30, 2024, about 67.9 million people, or one in five Americans, collected Social Security benefits.This year, we’re seeing a ...
The constant demand of the inhibitory control may cause that directed attention to become depleted and result in attention fatigue. [17] Research in environmental psychology suggests that people's desire for contact with nature serves an important adaptive function, namely, psychological restoration.